Stqarrijiet tal-aħbarijiet

L-EU-SILC 2023: Indikaturi dwar il-Ġid tan-Nies, is-Soċjetà u s-Saħħa

NR 048/2025
Data tal-Ħruġ: 17 taʼ Marzu 2025

Fl-2023, il-maġġoranza tan-nies li joqogħdu fi djar privati qiesu saħħithom inġenerali bħala tajba (79.5 fil-mija), b’29.6 fil-mija tan-nies jistqarru li jbatu minn marda jew kundizzjoni kronika.
family health care and insurance concept. top view

Daħla

L-Istħarriġ tal-Istatistika Ewropea dwar id-Dħul u l-Kundizzjonijiet tal-Għajxien (EU-SILC) huwa eżerċizzju taʼ kull sena mill-Uffiċċju Nazzjonali tal-Istatistika (NSO) fost nies li joqogħdu fi djar privati fʼMalta u Għawdex. L-istħarriġ jiġbor tagħrif dwar indikaturi relatati mas-saħħa inġenerali u l-ġid tan-nies.

 

Indikaturi tas-saħħa

Fl-2023, 79.5 fil-mija tan-nies fi djar privati kienu jaraw saħħithom inġenerali bħala waħda tajba (Ċart nru 1). L-irġiel kellhom aktar ħabta jaraw saħħithom bħala waħda tajba (82.2 fil-mija) meta mqabblin man-nisa (76.5 fil-mija) (Tabella nru 1). Ftit inqas minn terz taʼ dawk li wieġbu (29.6 fil-mija) qalu li jbatu minn xi mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi1 (Ċart nru 2, Tabella nru 2). Il-biċċa l-kbira qalu li li mʼgħandhomx limitazzjonijiet minħabba problemi taʼ saħħa, filwaqt li 13.8 fil-mija qalu bil-maqlub (Ċart nru 3, Tabella nru 3). Il-maġġoranza tan-nies li ħtieġu eżami jew trattament mediku jew dentali ma rrappurtawx li kellhom ħtiġijiethom mhux milħuqa, bʼ1.1 fil-mija biss tan-nies jirrapportaw mod ieħor. Dan kien tnaqqis meta mqabbel mal-2022 (2.8 fil-mija) u l-2021 (4.3 fil-mija) (Tabella nru 4).

¹ Mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi jistgħu jinkludu l-artrite, allerġiji, pressjoni għolja, l-uġigħ taʼ ras li tibqaʼ għaddejja, ansjetà jew dipressjoni kroniċi, dijabete u ażma.

Ċart nru 1. L-istat tas-saħħa inġenerali kif mifhum min-nies infushom

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2021-20232

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2 Hawn waqfa fis-serje: ara nota nru 6 fil-metodoloġija.
Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

Ċart nru 2. Is-sehem taʼ persuni li jbatu minn mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi, bis-sess

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2021-20232

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2 Hawn waqfa fis-serje: ara nota nru 6 fil-metodoloġija.
Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

Ċart nru 3. Is-sehem taʼ persuni bʼlimitazzjoni fl-attività minħabba problemi taʼ saħħa, bis-sess

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2021-20232

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2 Hawn waqfa fis-serje: ara nota nru 6 fil-metodoloġija.
Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

Ċart nru 4. Is-sehem taʼ persuni li qalu li kellhom ħtiġijiet mhux milħuqa għal eżami/trattament mediku jew dentali, bis-sess

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2021-20232

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2 Hawn waqfa fis-serje: ara nota nru 6 fil-metodoloġija.
Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

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Ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) tiddefinixxi l-proporzjon/l-għadd ta’ nies f’riskju ta’ faqar, jew fʼtiċħid materjali u soċjali sever, jew li jgħixu f’familji b’intensità ta’ xogħol baxxa ħafna. Fl-2023, in-nies f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kienu inqas probabbli li jaraw saħħithom bħala waħda tajba. Fil-fatt, 67.4 fil-mija biss tan-nies f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kienu jqisu s-saħħa ġenerali tagħhom bħala waħda tajba, meta mqabblin ma’ 82.4 fil-mija ta’ dawk li wieġbu li ma kinux f’tali riskju (Tabella nru 1).

Meta tqiesu l-fatturi ewliena li juru saħħa ħażina u mard kroniku, in-nisa, l-individwi ʼl fuq minn 65 sena, u dawk fʼriskju taʼ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali, kellhom aktar ħabta jgħidu li jbatu minn mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi, u li għandhom limitazzjonijiet minħabba fihom. Dawn ix-xejriet dehru wkoll fl-2022 u fl-2021 (Tabelli nri 2 u 3).

Indikaturi dwar il-ġid tan-nies

Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jirrappreżenta ʼl min ma kien sodisfatt xejn u 10 jirrappreżenta ʼl min kien sodisfatt għalkollox, kien irrappurtat punteġġ medju ta’ 8.6 minn dawk li wieġbu dwar is-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bir-relazzjonijiet personali mal-familja u l-ħbieb. Instab punteġġ medju ta’ 7.7 dwar is-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bl-impjieg attwali, filwaqt li nstab punteġġ medju ta’ 7.4 b’rabta mas-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bil-ħajja ġenerali. Il-punteġġi medji l-aktar baxxi nstabu fuq is-sodisfazzjon bl-użu tal-ħin u bil-qagħda finanzjarja, bʼ6.7 and 6.9 rispettivament. Dawk bejn is-16 u s-17-il sena kellhom l-ogħla punteġġ medju fuq is-sodisfazzjon ġenerali tal-ħajja (7.6), filwaqt li dawk li kellhom 65 sena jew aktar irrappurtaw l-aktar punteġġ medju baxx dwar dan bʼ7.3 biss. L-ogħla punteġġ medju dwar is-sodisfazzjon bir-relazzjoni personali kien irrappurtat minn dawk fl-età ta’ 65 sena jew aktar (8.8). Dawk f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kellhom punteġġi medji aktar baxxi dwar is-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bil-ħajja ġenerali, il-qagħda finanzjarja, l-impjieg attwali, u r-relazzjonijiet personali, meta mqabbla ma’ dawk li ma kinux f’tali riskju. Min-naħa l-oħra, huma rrappurtaw punteġġ medju ogħla dwar is-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bl-użu tal-ħin.

Id-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI) ta’ familja huwa definit bħala d-dħul kollu disponibbli tal-familja maqsum bid-’daqs ekwivalenti’ tagħha (imsejħa wkoll unitajiet ta’ konsum). In-NEI jqis id-daqs u t-tqassim tal-etajiet tal-membri tad-dar. Fl-2023, nies fl-ogħla kategorija ta’ dħul ekwivalizzat kellhom valuri medji ogħla għas-sodisfazzjon bil-ħajja ġenerali, il-qagħda finanzjarja, l-impjieg attwali u r-relazzjonijiet personali. Min-naħa l-oħra, valur medju ogħla għas-sodisfazzjon bl-użu tal-ħin instab fost nies fil-kategorija tad-dħul ekwivalizzat l-aktar baxx (Tabella nru 5a).

Ċart nru 5. Il-livell taʼ sodisfazzjon dwar għadd taʼ karatteristiċi tal-ġid kif mifhum min-nies infushom

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2023

Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

 
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B’mod ġenerali, aktar minn nofs dawk li wieġbu rrappurtaw li, għal ħafna mill-ħin, ħassewhom fil-hena (60.2 fil-mija), filwaqt li madwar nofshom ħassewhom fil-kalma u l-kwiet (48.2 fil-mija) għal ħafna mill-ħin. Fost dawk li wieġbu għall-istħarriġ, 34.0 fil-mija rari ħassewhom bin-nervi u aġitati, filwaqt li 26.9 fil-mija oħra qalu li kultant ħassew dan it-tiġrib (Ċart nru 6).

Ċart nru 6. Is-sehem taʼ persuni bis-sentimenti tagħhom dwar għadd taʼ karatteristiċi dwar il-kwalità tal-ħajja

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2023

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Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

 
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In-nisa kellhom aktar ħabta jgħidu li, ħafna drabi, ħassewhom bin-nervi u aġitati (12.6 fil-mija), li kienu mdejqin (3.4 fil-mija), li kellhom qalbhom maqtugħa u bʼdipressjoni (4.7 fil-mija) u waħidhom (2.6 fil-mija). Min-naħa l-oħra, l-irġiel kellhom aktar ċans li jirrappurtaw sentimenti ta’ kalma u kwiet (49.3 fil-mija) u hena (61.0 fil-mija), ħafna drabi. Dawk taʼ minn 65 sena ’l fuq kellhom aktar ċans li jħossuhom, ħafna drabi, imdejqin (5.5 fil-mija), bʼqalbhom maqtugħa u bʼdipressjoni (6.1 fil-mija) jew waħidhom (5.3 fil-mija). Min-naħa l-oħra, 61.8 fil-mija tan-nies bejn it-30 u l-64 sena qalu li kienu fil-hena għal ħafna mill-ħin, li huwa l-ogħla fost il-gruppi kollha tal-età. Aktar minn nofs dawk taʼ bejn is-16 u s-17-il sena qalu li ħassewhom kalmi u fil-kwiet għal ħafna mill-ħin (52.8 fil-mija).

Dawk f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kellhom aktar ħabta jħossu sentimenti negattivi għal ħafna mill-ħin meta mqabblin maʼ dawk li ma kinux fʼtali riskju. Dawn is-sentimenti inkludew nervi u aġitazzjoni (14.1 fil-mija), dwejjaq (4.8 fil-mija), qalb maqtugħa u dipressjoni (6.0 fil-mija), u solitudni (5.0 fil-mija). Dawk li li ma kinux f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kienu l-aktar probabbli li esperjenzaw sentimenti pożittivi bħall-kalma u l-kwiet (49.2 fil-mija) u l-hena (62.4 fil-mija) ħafna drabi (Tabella nru 6a).

Fl-2023, il-biċċa l-kbira tal-individwi (93.5 fil-mija) ħassew li, jekk ikun hemm bżonn, kienu sa jirċievu għajnuna materjali jew mhux materjali3 mill-familja, ħbieb, kollegi, jew persuni oħrajn li jafu (Tabella nru 7).

Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jirrappreżenta ʼl min ma jafda xejn u 10 jirrappreżenta ʼl min jafda għalkollox, bħala medja, il-punt sa fejn in-nies jafdaw lil oħrajn kien irrappurtat fil-punt taʼ 5.1. Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jfisser esklużjoni taʼ xejn u 10 jfisser esklużjoni sħiħa, l-individwi raw lilhom infushom bħala li mhumiex esklużi mis-soċjetà. Fil-fatt, il-punteġġ medju dwar dawn is-sentimenti kien fil-livell ta’ 2.0 (Tabella nru 8).

3 L-għajnuna materjali tinkludi flus, self jew oġġetti, filwaqt li l-għajnuna mhux materjali tinkludi lil xi ħadd biex ikellmek, jgħinek fʼxi ħaġa jew jiġborlok xi ħaġa.

Tables

Tables

Methodological Notes

1. Background
The European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey is an annual enquiry conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) among persons residing in private households in Malta and Gozo.
 
The main scope of this survey is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, relative poverty, material deprivation and social exclusion. This survey has been carried out in Malta since 2005, under European Regulation (EU) No. 1177/2003. This Regulation establishes criteria which ensure the production of high quality and harmonised results at European level. As from 2020, EU-SILC started to be carried out under and new regulation: Regulation (EU) No. 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples.
 
The survey is designed to collect detailed information on household characteristics, labour market, education, household income, material deprivation and social exclusion. The households’ wealth (assets) and gains/losses from capital transfers are not covered by this survey.
 
2. Sample size and response

The EU-SILC sample follows a rotational design whereby every household is surveyed for four consecutive years. This sampling methodology enhances consistency and thus allows for high quality cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.

In 2023 the gross sample size was 5,077 households. Of these, 96 households were ineligible for the survey (i.e. addresses that did not actually exist, could not be located, non-residential addresses, permanently vacant dwellings or institutional households). Consequently, 4,981 households were approached for the interview. Of these, 4,515 completed the survey, resulting in a household response rate of 91 per cent. These households comprised 10,993 residents, of whom 9,565 were aged 16 and over.

The population figure used to gross up and to calibrate EU-SILC data refers to one calendar year prior to the survey year. Consequently, the population in EU-SILC 2023 refers to the number of persons living in private households as at end of 2022 which was estimated at 532,186.

3. Income reference period
The income reference year of the EU-SILC survey is one calendar year prior to the survey year. Therefore, the income collected in EU-SILC 2023 refers to calendar year 2022.
 
4. Concepts and definitions
General health was collected based upon the self-perception of the interviewed persons
 
A person is defined as a dependent child if s/he is:
●  under 18; 
● 18-24 years old and is economically inactive and living with at least one parent.
Otherwise, the person is referred to as an adult.
 
The Work Intensity (WI) of a household is the ratio of the total number of months that all household members have worked during the income reference year and the total number of months the same household members theoretically could have worked in the same period. In line with EU Regulation No. 2019/1700 on person and household surveys, the WI indicator was modified to cover persons aged between 18 and 64 instead of persons aged between 18 and 59. Students aged between 18 and 24 are excluded from the calculation of this indicator. Moreover, households composed only of children aged less than 18, students aged less than 25 and/or people aged 65 or more are completely excluded from the computation of this indicator.
 

Equivalised disposable income (referred to also as national equivalised income) is defined as the household’s total disposable income divided by its “equivalent household size”, to take into account of the size and composition of the household, and is attributed to each household member. For example, a household with two adults and two children aged less than 14 would have an equivalised household size of 2.1, which is calculated as follows:

●  First Person = 1; 
●  Every other adult (14+) = 0.5; and
●  Every child (less than 14) = 0.3.

If the total disposable income earned by the household is €20,000, then the household equivalised income would result in (€20,000/2.1) = €9,523.

The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is also referred to as the at-risk-of-poverty line or, simply, the poverty line. This is equivalent to 60 per cent of the median national equivalised income of persons living in private households.

The at-risk-of-poverty rate refers to the share of persons with an equivalised disposable income below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold.

5. Material and Social Deprivation

In 2017, a set of new Material and Social Deprivation (MSD) indicators were adopted by all the European Union (EU) Member States (Guio, 2017). The new indicators are the Material and Social deprivation (MSD) indicator and the Severe Material and Social Deprivation (SMSD) indicator. These indicators are based on 13 items: 7 household items and 6 personal items.
 
Household items:
●  face unexpected expenses; 
●  afford one week annual holiday away from home;
●  avoid arrears (in mortgage, rent, utility bills and/or hire purchase instalments);   
●  afford a meal with meat, chicken or fish or vegetarian equivalent every second day;
●  afford keeping their home appropriately warm;
●  have access to a car/van for personal use;
●  replace worn-out furniture.
 
Personal items:
●  replace worn-out clothes with some new ones; 
●  have two pairs of properly fitting shoes;
●  spend a small amount of money each week on him/herself (“pocket money”);
●  have regular leisure activities;
●  get together with friends/family for a drink/meal at least once a month;

●  have an internet connection. 

Persons lacking at least five items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be materially and socially deprived.

Persons lacking at least seven items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be severely materially and socially deprived.
 
6.  Following the 2021 Population and Housing Census, NSO introduced a new sampling frame of households and individuals which was used for the first time in EU-SILC as from 2023. In addition, EU-SILC was benchmarked with updated demographic estimates derived from this census. NSO ran several tests which revealed little impact of statistical significance on the core EU-SILC indicators. Consequently, it was concluded that revisions on past time series data were not necessary. NSO still feels appropriate flagging these methodological changes, primarily because they may influence the interpretation of changes in household and individual counts in EU-SILC 2023, when compared to previous years. 
 
7.  Key:
: Data not published due to unreliable survey estimates as a result of:
1. less than 20 reporting households; or
2. the non-response for the item concerned exceeds 50 per cent.
[] Figures to be used with caution: figures with between 20 and 49 reporting households or with non-response for the item concerned that exceeds 20 per cent and is lower or equal to 50 per cent.
 
8. Other notes:
–  Sample used for the SILC survey was extracted from a database based on the Census of Population and Housing 2021.
–  Tables may not exactly add up due to rounding.
 
9. More information relating to this news release may be accessed at:
 

10. A detailed news release calendar is available online.

11. References to this news release are to be cited appropriately. For guidance on access and re-use of data please visit our dedicated webpage.

12. For further assistance send your request through our online request form.

L-EU-SILC 2023: Indikaturi dwar il-Ġid tan-Nies, is-Soċjetà u s-Saħħa  

NR 048/2025
Data tal-Ħruġ: 17 taʼ Marzu 2025

family health care and insurance concept. top view
  • Il-maġġoranza tal-persuni li joqogħdu fi djar privati raw is-saħħa ġenerali tagħhom bħala waħda tajba (79.5 fil-mija), filwaqt li 29.6 fil-mija tan-nies qalu li jbatu minn xi mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi.
  • Fuq skala minn 0 (mhu sodisfatt xejn) sa 10 (sodisfatt għalkollox), kien irrappurtat punteġġ medju taʼ 8.6 u 6.7 minn dawk li wieġbu dwar ir-relazzjonijiet personali u l-użu tal- ħin, rispettivament.
  • Dawk li wieġbu għall-istħarriġ irrappurtaw li ħassewhom fil-hena għal ħafna drabi (60.2 fil-mija), filwaqt li l-biċċa l-kbira rari ħassewhom bin-nervi u aġitati (34.0 fil-mija).

L-EU-SILC 2023: Indikaturi dwar il-Ġid tan-Nies, is-Soċjetà u s-Saħħa

Kalkulatur tal-Inflazzjoni Kalendarju tal-Istqarrijiet tal-Aħbarijiet Talbiet għat-Tagħrif Mistoqsijiet dwar il-Kodiċi tan-NACE
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