Stqarrijiet tal-aħbarijiet

L-EU-SILC 2024: Indikaturi Ewlenin  

NR 074/2025
Data tal-Ħruġ: 28 taʼ April 2025

  • Il-limitu tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARPT) maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2024 kien taʼ €12,257.84.
  • Fl-2024 l-għadd taʼ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar, li jgħixu fi djar privati, kien stmat għal 16.8 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni mistħarrġa, żieda taʼ 0.2 punti perċentwali meta mqabbel mal-2023.
  • Mill-EU-SILC 2024, ħareġ li r-rata taʼ persuni fʼriskju taʼ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) kienet taʼ 19.7 fil-mija, tnaqqis taʼ 0.1 punti perċentwali fuq l-2023.

L-EU-SILC 2024: Indikaturi Ewlenin

L-EU-SILC 2024: Indikaturi Ewlenin

NR 074/2025
Data tal-Ħruġ: 28 taʼ April 2025

L-istħarriġ wera li l-għadd taʼ persuni li kienu jgħixu fʼfamilji bi dħul ekwivalizzat nazzjonali taħt il-limitu tar-riskju taʼ faqar (€12,258) kien taʼ 92,690. Bʼhekk, ir-rata taʼ riskju taʼ faqar kienet taʼ 16.8 fil-mija, żieda taʼ 0.2 punti perċentwali meta mqabbla mas-sena taʼ qabel.

Daħla

L-Istħarriġ tal-Istatistika Ewropea dwar id-Dħul u l-Kundizzjonijiet tal-Għajxien (EU-SILC) isir kull sena mill-Uffiċċju Nazzjonali tal-Istatistika (NSO) fost nies li joqogħdu fi djar privati f’Malta u Għawdex. L-għan tiegħu huwa li jiġbor tagħrif, li jkun jistaʼ jitqabbel, dwar id-dħul, is-saħħa, il-ġid tan-nies, ix-xogħol, u d-deprivazzjoni materjali.

 

L-istatistika Ewropea dwar id-deprivazzjoni materjali hija msejsa fuq il-ħila jew in-nuqqas tagħha, dejjem kif mifhuma min-nies infushom, tal-familji li jaffordjaw għadd ta’ oġġetti minn sett ta’ 13-il oġġett standard. Minn dawn il-komponenti, joħorġu żewġ kostruzzjonijiet ewlenin, li huma d-deprivazzjoni materjali u soċjali (MSD), u l-indikatur tad-deprivazzjoni materjali u soċjali severa (SMSD). Fl-2024 ir-rata tal-MSD kienet ta’ 9.0 fil-mija, filwaqt li r-rata tal-SMSD kienet ta’ 4.0 fil-mija.

L-istatistika dwar id-dħul tirreferi għas-sena ta’ riferenza 2023, filwaqt li l-komponenti li mhumiex tad-dħul jirreferu għall-2024, li hija s-sena taʼ meta nġabar dan it-tagħrif.

Id-dħul tal-familji

Għas-sena li tirreferi għad-dħul fl-2023, id-dħul gross medju tal-familji kien stmat li jilħaq is-€47,893. Min-naħa l-oħra, l-istima tad-dħul disponibbli medju tal-familji kienet ta’ €38,236. Id-dħul disponibbli huwa mfisser bħala l-ammont ta’ flus fil-but tal-familji, wara li jkunu tnaqqsu t-taxxi, il-kontribuzzjonijiet soċjali u l-allemonji (Tabella nru 1).

Id-dħul mix-xogħol kien jilħaq 82.8 fil-mija tad-dħul gross kollu tal-familji, fis-sena 2023. Is-sehem tal-benefiċċji soċjali (inklużi l-benefiċċji tax-xjuħija), min-naħa l-oħra, kien jammonta għal 13.9 fil-mija tad-dħul gross kollu tal-familji (Tabella nru 2, Ċart nru 1).

 

 

Ċart nru 1. It-tqassim tad-dħul gross tal-familji

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Id-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI)

In-NEI ta’ familja jindika d-dħul disponibbli kollu tal-familja li jinqasam bid-“daqs ekwivalenti” tagħha (imsejjaħ ukoll unitajiet ta’ konsum). In-NEI iqis id-daqs u t-tqassim tal-età tal-membri tal-familja. Il-ko-effiċjent Gini huwa wieħed mill-kejlijiet tal-inugwaljanza fid-dħul li jvarja bejn 0 u 100 fil-mija. Ko-effiċjent Gini ta’ 0 fil-mija juri tqassim perfettament ugwali tad-dħul. Min-naħa l-oħra, ko-effiċjent Gini ta’ 100 fil-mija juri li hemm inugwaljanza sħiħa fid-dħul.

Il-proporzjon S80/S20, li jqabbel il-medja tad-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI) tal-ogħla u l-inqas 20 fil-mija ta’ dawk li kellhom dħul, kien ikkalkulat għal 5.0 (Tabella nru 1).

Il-ko-effiċjent Gini għal Malta, kif maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2024, naqas bi 2.2 punti perċentwali għal 30.8 fil-mija, meta mqabbel mas-sena ta’ qabel (Tabella nru 1).

In-nuqqas taʼ flus (ARP)

Ir-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARP) tfisser l-għadd taʼ nies bi dħul disponibbli ekwivalizzat li jkun taħt il-limitu tar-riskju ta’ faqar (ARPT), li qiegħed 60 fil-mija tad-dħul disponibbli ekwivalizzat medjan nazzjonali wara t-trasferimenti soċjali. Għaldaqstant, dawk li wieġbu għall-EU-SILC u li n-NEI tagħhom jaqa’ taħt dan il-limitu jitqiesu li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar.

L-ARPT maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2024 kien stmat għal €12,258, li huwa 7.9 fil-mija ogħla meta mqabbel mas-sena ta’ qabel (Tabella nru 1).

Fuq il-bażi tas-sena tad-dħul 2023, l-għadd ta’ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar li joqogħdu Malta kien stmat għal 92,690 jew 16.8 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni mistħarrġa (Tabella nru 1).

Ir-rati tal-ARP għall-irġiel u n-nisa tqiesu fid-daqs taʼ 15.6 fil-mija u 18.3 fil-mija rispettivament, tnaqqis taʼ 0.1 punt perċentwali għall-irġiel u żieda taʼ 0.7 punti perċentwali għan-nisa, meta mqabbla mas-sena ta’ qabel. Ir-rata tal-ARP fost persuni taħt it-18-il sena kienet ikkalkulata għal 24.1 fil-mija, u żdiedet bi 2.1 punti perċentwali mis-sena ta’ qabel. Bl-istess mod, meta mqabbla mal-EU-SILC 2023, ir-rata għal dawk li għandhom 65 sena jew aktar żdiedet b’0.7 punti perċentwali għal 29.7 fil-mija. Min-naħa l-oħra, deher tnaqqis ta’ 0.2 punti perċentwali għal persuni ta’ bejn it-18 u l-64 sena, biex b’hekk ir-rata tal-ARP għal dan il-koorti niżlet għal 11.9 fil-mija fl-2024 (Tabella nru 3).

Ir-rati ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) għall-familji bi tfal dipendenti u għall-familji mingħajr tfal dipendenti kienu ta’ 18.1 u 15.9 fil-mija, rispettivament (Ċart nru 2). Il-membri ta’ familji b’persuna waħda u bi tfal dipendenti kienu nnotati li għandhom aktar ċans li jkunu f’riskju ta’ faqar, bi 43.8 fil-mija tagħhom ikollhom dħul disponibbli ekwivalizzat taħt il-limitu tar-riskju ta’ faqar (ARPT). Il-membri ta’ unitajiet domestiċi ta’ persuna waħda b’età ta’ 65 sena jew aktar, u membri ta’ unitajiet domestiċi b’żewġ adulti, li tal-anqas wieħed minnhom ikollu 65 sena jew aktar, u mingħajr tfal dipendenti, kienu wkoll aktar fiċ-ċans li jkunu f’riskju ta’ faqar (Tabella nru 4).

 

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Ċart nru 2. Ir-rati taʼ riskju taʼ faqar, bit-tip taʼ familja

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Ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) fost nies li jgħixu f’familji b’mill-inqas membru wieħed ta’ età bejn 0-64 sena naqset għax l-intensità tax-xogħol tal-familji żdiedet. Fil-fatt, 69.4 fil-mija tan-nies li jgħixu f’familji b’intensità tax-xogħol baxxa ħafna nstabu li kienu f’riskju ta’ faqar meta mqabblin maʼ 6.5 fil-mija tan-nies jgħixu fʼfamilji b’intensità tax-xogħol għolja ħafna (Tabella nru 5).

Fis-sena ta’ riferenza dwar id-dħul, kienet irreġistrata żieda fir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar għan-nies li jaħdmu (ara n-nota metodoloġika nru 4) meta mqabblin mal-istħarriġ ta’ qabel. Min-naħa l-oħra, kien hemm tnaqqis fir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar għan-nies irtirati u nies inattivi oħra (Tabella nru 6).

Ħarsa lejn id-distretti turi li t-tqassim tan-nies taħt il-limitu tar-riskju ta’ faqar ma kienx ugwali madwar il-Gżejjer Maltin, bid-distrett tat-Tramuntana jkollu l-akbar sehem ta’ nies f’riskju ta’ faqar. Warajh, ġie d-distrett ta’ Għawdex u Kemmuna. Min-naħa l-oħra, id-distrett tax-Xlokk irreġistra l-aktar rata baxxa ta’ nies f’riskju ta’ faqar (Mappa nru 1).

Mappa nru 1. It-tqassim tar-rata tar-riskju taʼ faqar (ARP) bid-distrett: 2024

Meta tħallew barra t-trasferimenti soċjali, inklużi l-pensjonijiet, ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) fl-2024 żdiedet bʼ16.1-il punt perċentwali, jew 88,250 persuna (Tabella nru 7). Dan juri s-siwi tal-ħarsien soċjali fl-assistenza lill-persuni l-aktar dgħajfa fis-soċjetà.

L-Indikaturi tad–Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali

L-indikaturi tad-deprivazzjoni materjali u soċjali huma msejsa fuq 13-il fattur, li sebgħa minnhom għandhom x’jaqsmu mal-familja tal-persuna u s-sitta l-oħra huma relatati mal-persuni nfushom. Din il-lista ta’ komponenti ġiet adottata mill-Istati Membri tal-UE fl-2017 (ara n-nota metodoloġika nru 5). Minn dan is-sett ta’ komponenti, jinkisbu żewġ indikaturi ewlenin, jiġifieri, l-indikatur tad-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali (MSD) u l-indikatur tad-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali Severa (SMSD).

Persuna li tgħix f’dar titqies li hija mċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment jekk hija ma tkunx taffordja mill-inqas ħamsa mit-13-il oġġett, filwaqt li dawk li ma jkunux jaffordjaw mill-inqas sebgħa minn dawn l-oġġetti jitqiesu li huma mċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment bʼmod sever. Fl-EU-SILC 2024, ir-rata tal-MSD kienet ta’ 9.0 fil-mija, filwaqt li r-rata tal-SMSD kienet ta’ 4.0 fil-mija, tnaqqis ta’ 0.2 punti perċentwali, u 0.1 punti perċentwali, rispettivament, meta mqabbla mal-EU-SILC 2023 (Tabella nru 8, Ċart nru 3).

Ċart nru 3. Tqabbil bejn id-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali (MSD) u d-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali Severa (SMSD) fl-aħħar ħames snin

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B’riferenza għal oġġetti speċifiċi ta’ deprivazzjoni tal-familji, 28.8 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni mistħarrġa qalet li l-familja tagħhom ma setgħetx taffordja tħallas għal btala ta’ ġimgħa fis-sena ʼl bogħod mid-dar. Warajhom, 18.3 fil-mija ta’ dawk li wieġbu qalu li l-familja tagħhom ma setgħetx tħallas spiża mhux mistennija ta’ madwar €900. Bil-maqlub taʼ dan, 1.8 fil-mija biss urew li l-familja tagħhom ma taffordjax li jkollha karozza (Tabella nru 8, Ċart nru 4a).

B’riferenza għal oġġetti speċifiċi ta’ deprivazzjoni personali, 11.1 fil-mija ta’ dawk li wieġbu stqarrew li ma kinux jaffordjaw li jieħdu sehem f’attività ta’ divertiment fuq bażi regolari u jonfqu ammont żgħir ta’ flus kull ġimgħa fuqhom infushom. Intqal ukoll li 5.4 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni mistħarrġa ma kinitx tiflaħ tbiddel ħwejjeġ użati bi ħwejjeġ ġodda, u 5.3 fil-mija ma kinux jifilħu jkollhom żewġ pari żraben li jiffittjaw kif suppost (Tabella nru 8, Ċart nru 4b).

Ċart nru 4a. Ir-rati ta’ Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali tal-familji fost dawk li wieġbu

Ċart nru 4b. Ir-rati ta’ Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali tal-persuni fost dawk li wieġbu

Fl-EU-SILC 2024, 4.8 fil-mija tat-tfal kienu qed jgħixu f’familji mċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment b’ mod sever. Barra minn hekk, 3.7 fil-mija tal-adulti ta’ bejn it-18 u l-64 sena, u 4.1 fil-mija ta’ dawk li għandhom 65 sena jew aktar, tqiesu wkoll li huma mċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment b’mod sever (Ċart nru 5).

Ċart nru 5. Is-sehem ta’ persuni li kienu jgħixu f’familji mċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment b’mod sever, bil-grupp tal-età

Chart 5

L-Indikatur tar-riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali

Ir-rata tar-riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) tiddefinixxi l-proporzjon/l-għadd ta’ nies li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar jew li huma mċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment bʼmod sever jew li jgħixu f’familji b’intensità baxxa ħafna ta’ xogħol (applikabbli biss għall-persuni ta’ bejn 0 u l-64 sena). Fl-EU-SILC 2024, l-akbar fattur li wassal għall-AROPE kien ġej minn nies li kienu f’riskju ta’ faqar, b’16.8 fil-mija (Ċart nru 6).

Ċart nru 6. L-indikatur tar-rata taʼ riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali u l-komponenti tiegħu

Chart 5

Fl-EU-SILC 2024, ir-rata tar-riskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) kienet stmata li tilħaq id-19.7 fil-mija u, għalhekk, irreġistrat tnaqqis ta’ 0.1 punti perċentwali mill-2023. Deher tnaqqis ta’ 0.3 punti perċentwali fost dawk li kellhom bejn it-18 u l-64 sena, bʼrata taʼ 15.2 fil-mija. Min-naħa l-oħra, dehret żieda ta’ 0.7 punti perċentwali għal dawk taħt it-18-il sena u żieda ta’ 0.3 punti perċentwali għal dawk ta’ 65 sena jew aktar. B’hekk, ir-rata tal-AROPE għal dawn iż-żewġ gruppi tal-età laħqet il-25.9 fil-mija u l-31.7 fil-mija, rispettivament (Tabella nru 9).

Ħarsa lejn id-distretti turi li d-distrett tat-Tramuntana kellu l-ogħla rata taʼ nies fir-riskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE), bʼ24.1 fil-mija. L-aktar rata baxxa tal-AROPE dehret fid-distrett tax-Xlokk, bi 11.7 fil-mija (Mappa nru 2).

Ċart nru 7 tqabbel l-indiċijiet tat-tkabbir tar-rati tal-ARPT, l-ARP u l-AROPE.

Ċart nru 7. Tqabbil tal-limitu tar-riskju taʼ faqar, tar-rata taʼ riskju taʼ faqar u tar-rata tar-riskju taʼ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali fʼgħamla taʼ indiċi

(EU-SILC 2015 = 100)

Chart 7

Mappa nru 2. it-tqassim tar-rata taʼ riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) bid-distrett: 2024

Il-karatteristiċi tal-ġid tan-nies

Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jirrappreżenta sodisfazzjon ta’ xejn u 10 jirrappreżenta sodisfazzjoni sħiħ, dawk li wieġbu fir-riskju tal-faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali rrappurtaw punteġġi medji aktar baxxi fir-rigward tas-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bil-ħajja inġenerali, il-qagħda finanzjarja, l-impjieg taʼ issa, u r-relazzjonijiet personali, meta mqabblin ma’ dawk li mhumiex f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali.

Fl-2024, il-punteġġi medji għas-sodisfazzjon ġenerali fir-rigward tar-riskju ta’ faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali kienu ftit ogħla għall-ħajja inġenerali u l-qagħda finanzjarja. B’mod partikolari, in-nies f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali rrappurtaw punteġġi medji ta’ 7.1 u 6.3 għas-sodisfazzjon bil-ħajja inġenerali u l-qagħda finanzjarja tagħhom, rispettivament, żieda ta’ 0.1 punti perċentwali għaż-żewġ fatturi. Min-naħa l-oħra, dehru punteġġi medji ftit aktar baxxi għas-sodisfazzjon bix-xogħol taʼ issa, bʼ7.3, u għar-relazzjonijiet personali, bi 8.4. Dawn iż-żewġ fatturi kellhom tnaqqis taʼ 0.1 punti perċentwali (Tabella nru 10).

Tables

Tables

Table 1. Main household income and at-risk-of-poverty indicators 

Table 2. Gross and disposable household income by source 

Table 3. At-risk-of-poverty rates by age group and sex 

Table 4. At-risk-of-poverty rates by household type

Table 5. At-risk-of-poverty rates by work intensity of household (population aged 0 to 64) 

Table 6. At-risk-of-poverty rates among persons aged 18 and over by most frequent activity status and sex 

Table 7. Difference in the at-risk-of-poverty rate by type of disposable income 

Table 8. Percentage rates and number of persons living in households by perceived capacity to afford various items 

Table 9. At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rates (AROPE) by age group and sex 

Table 10. Mean values for perceived level of satisfaction regarding certain well-being characteristics, by sex, age, at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion, and equivalised income 

All Tables

Methodological Notes

1. Background
The European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey is an annual enquiry conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) among persons residing in private households in Malta and Gozo.
 
The main scope of this survey is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, relative poverty, material deprivation and social exclusion. This survey has been carried out in Malta since 2005, under European Regulation (EU) No. 1177/2003. This Regulation establishes criteria which ensure the production of high quality and harmonised results at European level. As from 2020, EU-SILC started to be carried out under a new regulation: Regulation (EU) No. 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples.
 
The survey is designed to collect detailed information on household characteristics, labour market, education, household income, material deprivation and social exclusion.  The households’ wealth (assets) and gains/losses from capital transfers are not covered by this survey.
 
2. Sample size and response
The EU-SILC sample follows a rotational design whereby every household is surveyed for four consecutive years. This sampling methodology enhances consistency and thus allows for high quality cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.
 
The gross sample size of the EU-SILC 2024 survey comprised 5,440 households. Of these households, 3,831 households were selected in previous survey waves (referred to as ‘old’ households) and 1,609 households were selected for the first time in this survey wave – ‘new’ households. 104 households from the gross sample either could not be located or had a non-residential address, and hence were deemed ineligible for this survey. From the remaining eligible households, 4,538 completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 83 per cent. These households comprised 10,901 residents, of whom 9,476 were aged 16 years and over.
 
The population figure used to gross up and to calibrate EU-SILC data refers to one calendar year prior to the survey year. Consequently, the population in EU-SILC 2024 refers to the number of persons living in private households as at end of 2023 which was estimated at 550,186.
 
3. Income reference period
The income reference year of the EU-SILC survey is one calendar year prior to the survey year. Therefore, the income collected in EU-SILC 2024 refers to calendar year 2023.
 
The major income components are sourced from administrative data.
 
4. Concepts and definitions
 
A person is defined as a dependent child if s/he is:
 
● under 18, or;
● 18-24 years old and is economically inactive and living with at least one parent.
 
Otherwise, the person is referred to as an adult.
 
The Work Intensity (WI) of a household is the ratio of the total number of months that all household members have worked during the income reference year and the total number of months the same household members theoretically could have worked in the same period. In line with EU Regulation No. 2019/1700 on person and household surveys, the WI indicator was modified to cover persons aged between 18 and 64 instead of persons aged between 18 and 59. Students aged between 18 and 24 are excluded from the calculation of this indicator. Moreover, households composed only of children aged less than 18, students aged less than 25 and/or people aged 65 or more are completely excluded from the computation of this indicator.
 
The most frequent activity status is defined as the status that individuals aged 18 and over declare to have occupied for more than six months in the calendar year. The most frequent activity status groups are; employment, unemployment, retirement and other inactivity.
 
The gross household income includes:
● Gross employee cash or near cash income;
● Gross non-cash employee income (only company car and associated costs included);
● Gross cash benefits or losses from self-employment (including royalties);
● Unemployment benefits;
● Old-age benefits;
● Survivors’ benefits;
● Sickness benefits;
● Disability benefits;
● Education-related allowances;
● Income from rental of property or land;
● Family/Children related allowances;
● Social exclusion benefits not elsewhere classified;
● Housing allowances;
● Regular inter-household cash transfers received;
● Interests, dividends, profits from capital investments in unincorporated business;
● Income received by people aged under 16; and,
● Income received from individual private pension plans.
 
The total disposable income of a household is calculated by deducting:
● regular inter-household cash transfers paid;
● tax on income; and,
● social insurance contributions.
from the total gross household income.
 
Equivalent household size is calculated according to the “modified OECD” equivalence scale which gives:
● a weight of 1.0 to the first adult;
● a weight of 0.5 to any other household member aged 14+;
● a weight of 0.3 to each child.
 
The resulting figure, which is the sum of these weights, is attributed to each member of the household.
 

The equivalised disposable income of a household (also referred to as national equivalised income) is defined as the household’s total disposable income divided by its “equivalent household size”.  The computation of the equivalised disposable income takes into account all the income generated by the household members, as well as the size and composition of the selected household. For example, a household with two adults and two children aged less than 14 would have an equivalised household size of 2.1, which is calculated as follows:

● First Person = 1;
● Every other adult (14+) = 0.5;
● Every child (less than 14) = 0.3.

If the total disposable income earned by the household is €20,000, then the household equivalised income would result in (€20,000/2.1) = €9,523.

While the household disposable income computation is carried out at the household level, this variable is assigned to every individual in the EU-SILC sample for the computation of EU-SILC indicators.
 
The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is also referred to as the at-risk-of-poverty line or, simply, the poverty line. This is equivalent to 60 per cent of the median national equivalised income of persons living in private households.
 
The S80/S20 ratio is the ratio between the sums of the highest and lowest 20 per cent equivalised incomes of persons within the households.
 
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality of income distribution. It may take values ranging from 0 per cent, which implies perfect equality in the income distribution, to 100 per cent, which signifies absolute inequality.
 
5. Material and social Deprivation:
 

In 2017, a set of new Material and Social Deprivation (MSD) indicators were adopted by all the European Union (EU) Member States. The new indicators are the Material and Social deprivation (MSD) indicator and the Severe Material and Social Deprivation (SMSD) indicator. These indicators are based on 13 items: 7 household items and 6 personal items.

Household items:
● face unexpected expenses;
● afford one week annual holiday away from home;
● avoid arrears (in mortgage, rent, utility bills and/or hire purchase instalments);
● afford a meal with meat, chicken or fish or vegetarian equivalent every second day;
● afford keeping their home appropriately warm;
● have access to a car/van for personal use;
● replace worn-out furniture.
 
Personal items:
● replace worn-out clothes with some new ones;
● have two pairs of properly fitting shoes;
● spend a small amount of money each week on him/herself (“pocket money”);
● have regular leisure activities;
● get together with friends/family for a drink/meal at least once a month;
● have an internet connection.
 
Persons lacking at least five items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be materially and socially deprived.
 
Persons lacking at least seven items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be severely materially and socially deprived.
 
6. The at-risk-of-poverty rate refers to the share of persons with an equivalised disposable income below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. 
 
7. Sampling variability of main SILC 2024 indicators:
Estimate margin of error
at 95% confidence
interval		 95% confidence interval
At-risk-of-poverty 92,690 9,903 92,690 ± 9,903
At-risk-of-poverty rate (%) Total 16.8 1.8 16.8 ± 1.8
Males 15.6 1.8 15.6 ± 1.8
Females 18.3 2.1 18.3 ± 2.1
0-17 24.1 5.3 24.1 ± 5.3
18-64 11.9 1.6 11.9 ± 1.6
65+ 29.7 2.7 29.7 ± 2.7
Material and social deprivation 49,386 7,703 49,386 ± 7,703
Material and social deprivation rate (%) Total 9.0 1.4 9.0 ± 1.4
Males 7.8 1.3 7.8 ± 1.3
Females 10.3 1.8 10.3 ± 1.8
0-17 10.1 3.6 10.1 ± 3.6
18-64 8.7 1.6 8.7 ± 1.6
65+ 9.0 1.6 9.0 ± 1.6
Severe material and social deprivation 21,752 5,502 21,752 ± 5,502
Severe material and social deprivation rate (%) Total 4.0 1.0 4.0 ± 1.0
Males 3.2 0.8 3.2 ± 0.8
Females 4.8 1.4 4.8 ± 1.4
0-17 4.8 3.2 4.8 ± 3.2
18-64 3.7 0.9 3.7 ± 0.9
65+ 4.1 1.2 4.1 ± 1.2
Low work intensity 19,585 6,125 19,585 ± 6,125
Low work intensity rate (%) Total 4.5 1.4 4.5 ± 1.4
Males 4.2 1.4 4.2 ± 1.4
Females 4.8 1.6 4.8 ± 1.6
0-17 3.7 2.8 3.7 ± 2.8
18-64 4.7 1.4 4.7 ± 1.4
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion 108,406 10,454 108,406 ± 10,454
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate (%) Total 19.7 1.9 19.7 ± 1.9
Males 18.1 2.0 18.1 ± 2.0
Females 21.5 2.2 21.5 ± 2.2
0-17 25.9 5.3 25.9 ± 5.3
18-64 15.2 1.9 15.2 ± 1.9
65+ 31.7 2.8 31.7 ± 2.8
At-risk-of-poverty by household type 92,691 9,903 92,691 ± 9,903
At-risk-of-poverty rate (%) Household without dependent children 15.9 1.4 15.9 ± 1.4
One person household, under 65 years 29.7 5.0 29.7 ± 5.0
One person household, 65 years and over 40.0 5.0 40.0 ± 5.0
2 adults, no dependent children, both under 65 years 5.9 2.9 5.9 ± 2.9
2 adults, no dependent children, at least one adult 65 years or more 34.0 4.7 34.0 ± 4.7
Other households without dependent children 2.6 1.2 2.6 ± 1.2
Household with dependent children 18.1 3.7 18.1 ± 3.7
Single person household, one or more dependent children 43.8 13.1 43.8 ± 13.1
2 adults, one dependent child 13.5 6.7 13.5 ± 6.7
2 adults, two or more dependent children 27.2 8.0 27.2 ± 8.0
Other households with one or more dependent children 8.0 4.5 8.0 ± 4.5
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion by household type 108,406 10,454 108,406 ± 10,454
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate (%) Household without dependent children 19.4 1.8 19.4 ± 1.8
One person household, under 65 years 33.1 5.0 33.1 ± 5.0
One person household, 65 years and over 40.7 5.0 40.7 ± 5.0
2 adults, no dependent children, both under 65 years 6.9 2.9 6.9 ± 2.9
2 adults, no dependent children, at least one adult 65 years or more 38.2 4.7 38.2 ± 4.7
Other households without dependent children 8.3 3.3 8.3 ± 3.3
Household with dependent children 20.1 3.7 20.1 ± 3.7
Single person household, one or more dependent children 46.2 13.0 46.2 ± 13.0
2 adults, one dependent child 15.9 6.7 15.9 ± 6.7
2 adults, two or more dependent children 28.0 8.0 28.0 ± 8.0
Other households with one or more dependent children 10.5 5.1 10.5 ± 5.1
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8. Key
: Data not published due to unreliable survey estimates as a result of:
      1.      less than 20 reporting households; or
      2.      the non-response for the item concerned exceeds 50 per cent.
 

[ ] Figures to be used with caution: figures based on between 20 and 49 reporting households or figures with item non-response ranging between 20 per cent and 50 per cent.

 

N/A Not applicable
 
9. Other notes:
● Sample used for the EU-SILC survey was extracted from a database based on the Census of Population and Housing 2021.
● Tables may not exactly add up due to rounding.
 
10. More information relating to this news release may be accessed at:
 
11. References to this news release are to be cited appropriately. For guidance on access and re-use of data please visit our dedicated webpage.
 
12. A detailed news release calendar is available online.
 
13.  For further assistance send your request through our online request form.

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