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L-EU-SILC 2022: Indikaturi Ewlenin

NR103/2023

Data tal-Ħruġ: 13 ta’ Ġunju 2023

Il-limitu tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARPT) maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2022 kien taʼ €10,893.26.
Fl-2022, l-għadd taʼ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar li jgħixu fi djar privati kien stmat għal 16.7 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni mistħarrġa, li huwa tnaqqis taʼ 0.2 punti perċentwali meta mqabbel mal-2021.
Mill-EU-SILC 2022, ħareġ li r-rata taʼ persuni fʼriskju taʼ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) kienet taʼ 20.1 fil-mija, u li għalhekk irreġistrat tnaqqis taʼ 0.2 punti perċentwali fuq l-2021.

L-EU-SILC 2022: Indikaturi Ewlenin

NR103/2023

Data tal-Ħruġ: 13 ta’ Ġunju 2023

L-istħarriġ juri li n-numru ta’ persuni li jgħixu f’familji bi dħul ekwivalizzat nazzjonali taħt il-linja tar-riskju tal-faqar (€10,893) kien ta’ 85,797. Dan jittraduċi ruħu f’rata ta’ riskju tal-faqar (ARP) ta’ 16.7 fil-mija, li hija tnaqqis ta’ 0.2 punti perċentwali meta mqabbla mas-sena ta’ qabel.

Daħla

L-Istħarriġ tal-Istatistika Ewropea dwar id-Dħul u l-Kundizzjonijiet tal-Għajxien (EU-SILC) huwa stħarriġ li jsir kull sena mill-Uffiċċju Nazzjonali tal-Istatistika (NSO) fost persuni li jgħixu fi djar privati f’Malta u Għawdex. L-istatistika dwar id-dħul tirreferi għas-sena ta’ riferenza 2021, filwaqt li l-komponenti li mhumiex tad-dħul (bħat-tiċħid materjali) jirreferu għall-2022, li hija s-sena taʼ meta nġabar dan it-tagħrif.

Id-dħul gross medju tal-familji għall-2021 kif maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2022, huwa stmat li kien ilaħħaq it-€43,186, filwaqt li d-dħul disponibbli medju tal-familji kien stmat għal €34,814 (Tabella nru 4).

Fl-2022, ir-rata tat-tiċħid materjali u soċjali sever (SMSD) fost il-persuni li jgħixu fil-familja kienet ta’ 4.9 fil-mija. Din iċ-ċifra hija 0.5 punti perċentwali inqas minn dik stmata mill-EU-SILC tas-sena taʼ qabel. Hawnhekk, l-aktar fatturi li nħassu kienu: l-inabbiltà tal-familji li jħallsu għal btala ta’ ġimgħa fis-sena ‘l bogħod mid-dar (33.3 fil-mija), l-inabbiltà tal-familji li jbiddlu għamara mkagħbra, kif ukoll l-inabbiltà tagħhom li jiffaċċjaw spejjeż finanzjarji mhux mistennija (15.4 fil-mija) (Tabella nru 9).

B’20.1 fil-mija, ir-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar jew tal-esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) naqset b’0.2 punti perċentwali meta mqabbla ma’ dik maħruġa mill-EU-SILC tas-sena taʼ qabel. L-AROPE tiżvela s-sehem ta’ persuni li jew huma f’riskju ta’ faqar, jew li huma mċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment b’mod sever, jew li joqogħdu f’familja b’intensità baxxa ta’ xogħol (applikabbli biss għal persuni ta’ bejn 0 u l-64 sena) (Tabella nru 1).

L-Indikatur tar-riskju tal-faqar jew tal-esklużjoni soċjali

Ir-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar jew tal-esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) tiddefinixxi l-proporzjon/l-għadd ta’ persuni li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar jew li huma serjament imċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment jew li jgħixu f’familji b’intensità baxxa ħafna ta’ xogħol. Fl-EU-SILC 2022, ir-rata tar-riskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) ġiet stmata għal 20.1 fil-mija, u rreġistrat tnaqqis ta’ 0.2 punti perċentwali mill-2021. Jista’ jiġi nnutat tnaqqis fil-grupp ta’ taħt it-18-il sena u fil-grupp ta’ bejn it-18 u l-64 sena, bl-akbar tnaqqis ikun esperjenzat fost persuni ta’ bejn it-18 u l-64 sena, b’1.5 punti perċentwali. B’hekk, ir-rata tar-riskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali tilħaq ir-rata ta’ 15.5 fil-mija ghal dan il-koorti. Min-naħa l-oħra, wieħed jista’ jinnota żieda fost persuni li għandhom 65 sena jew aktar, bi 3.4 punti perċentwali, u b’hekk tintlaħaq rata ta’ 33.3 fil-mija għal dan il-koorti (Tabella nru 1).

Tabella nru 1. Ir-rati tar-riskju tal-faqar jew tal-esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) bil-grupp tal-età u s-sess

Age group	Sex	2021	2022
Age group	Sex	%	%	Number of persons below the threshold
All ages	Males	18.9	18.9	50,357
	Females	21.9	21.3	52,476
	Total	20.3	20.1	102,834
Under 18	Total	23.2	23.1	19,489
18-64	Males	15.7	14.9	26,499
	Females	18.4	16.3	25,259
	Total	17.0	15.5	51,758
65 and over	Males	27.3	29.8	13,353
	Females	32.3	36.5	18,233
	Total	29.9	33.3	31,586

Ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) fost persuni taħt it-18-il sena ġiet ikkalkulata għal 19.3 fil-mija, tnaqqis ta’ 0.3 punti perċentwali mis-sena ta’ qabel. Ġie osservat tnaqqis ta’ 0.8 punti perċentwali għal persuni ta’ bejn it-18 u l-64 sena, fejn wieħed isib li r-rata tal-ARP għal dan il-koorti ta’ età kienet ta’ 12.3 fil-mija fl-2022. Ir-rata għal dawk li għandhom 65 sena jew aktar telgħet għal 30.0 fil-mija, ekwivalenti għal żieda ta’ 1.9 punti perċentwali fuq l-EU-SILC 2021 (Tabella nru 2).

Tabella nru 2. Ir-rati tar-riskju tal-faqar bil-gruppi tal-età u s-sess

Age group	Sex	2021	2022
Age group	Sex	%	%	Number of persons below the threshold
All ages	Males	15.8	15.8	42,153
	Females	18.0	17.8	43,644
	Total	16.9	16.7	85,797
Under 18	Total	19.6	19.3	16,224
18-64	Males	12.3	12.2	21,710
	Females	14.0	12.5	19,434
	Total	13.1	12.3	41,144
65 and over	Males	25.9	26.8	12,030
	Females	30.1	32.8	16,400
	Total	28.1	30.0	28,429

Id-dħul tal-familji

Għas-sena li tirreferi għad-dħul fl-2021, id-dħul gross medju tal-familji kien stmat li jlaħħaq it-€43,186. Min-naħa l-oħra, l-istima tad-dħul disponibbli medju tal-familji kienet ta’ €34,814. Id-dħul disponibbli huwa mfisser bħala l-ammont ta’ flus fil-but tal-familji, wara li jkunu tnaqqsu t-taxxi, il-kontribuzzjonijiet soċjali u l-allemonji (Tabella nru 4).

Id-dħul mix-xogħol kien ilaħħaq 81.0 fil-mija tad-dħul gross kollu tal-familji, fis-sena 2021. Is-sehem tal-benefiċċji soċjali (inklużi l-benefiċċji tax-xjuħija), min-naħa l-oħra, kien jammonta għal 15.5 fil-mija tad-dħul gross kollu tal-familji. (Ċart nru 1).

Ċart nru 1. It-tqassim tad-dħul gross tal-familji

It-tqassim tad–Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI)

Il-NEI ta’ familja huwa mfisser bħala d-dħul disponibbli kollu tal-familja li jinqasam bid-“daqs ekwivalenti” tagħha (imsejjaħ ukoll unitajiet ta’ konsum). In-NEI iqis id-daqs u t-tqassim tal-età tal-membri tal-familja. Il-ko-effiċjent Gini huwa wieħed mill-kejlijiet tal-inugwaljanza fid-dħul li jvarja bejn 0 u 100 fil-mija. Ko-effiċjent Gini ta’ 0 fil-mija juri tqassim għalkollox ugwali tad-dħul. Min-naħa l-oħra, ko-effiċjent Gini ta’ 100 fil-mija juri li hemm inugwaljanza sħiħa fid-dħul.

Il-proporzjon S80/S20, li jqabbel il-medja tad-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI) tal-ogħla u l-inqas 20 fil-mija ta’ dawk li kellhom dħul, ġie kkalkulat għal 4.8 (Tabella nru 4).

Il-ko-effiċjent Gini għal Malta, kif maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2022, naqas b’0.1 punti perċentwali għal 31.1 fil-mija, meta mqabbel mas-sena ta’ qabel (Tabella nru 4).

In-nuqqas taʼ flus (ARP)

Il-limitu tar-riskju ta’ faqar (ARPT) huwa definit bħala 60 fil-mija tad-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI) medjan. Dawk li wieġbu għall-EU-SILC u li n-NEI tagħhom jaqa’ taħt dan il-limitu jitqiesu li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar (ARP).

L-ARPT maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2022 ġie stmat għal €10,893, li huwa 6.6 fil-mija ogħla meta mqabbel mas-sena ta’ qabel (Tabella nru 4).

Fuq il-bażi tas-sena tad-dħul 2021, l-għadd ta’ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar li jgħixu f’Malta kien stmat għal 85,797 jew 16.7 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni mistħarrġa (Tabella nru 4).

Ċart nru 2, tipprovdi paragun bejn l-indiċijiet tat-tkabbir tal-limitu tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARPT), ir-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARP) (Tabella nru 2) u r-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar jew tal-esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) (Tabella nru 1).

Ċart nru 2. Tqabbil bejn il-limitu tar-riskju tal-faqar, ir-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar u r-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali f’għamla ta’ indiċi

(EU-SILC 2015 = 100)

Jekk wieħed jeskludi t-trasferimenti soċjali kollha inklużi l-pensjonijiet, ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar fl-2022, tiżdied bi 18.4 punti perċentwali, jew 94,368 persuna (Tabella nru 5). Dawn ir-riżultati juru l-importanza tal-benesseri soċjali fl-assistenza lill-persuni l-aktar vulnerabbli f’soċjetà.

Ir-rati tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARP) għall-familji bi tfal dipendenti u mingħajr tfal dipendenti ġew ikkalkulati bħala 15.3 u 18.1 fil-mija, rispettivament (Tabella nru 6). Il-membri ta’ familji b’ġenitur wieħed ġew innotati li huma għandhom aktar ċans li jkunu f’riskju ta’ faqar, bi 43.3 fil-mija ta’ tali persuni individwali jkollhom dħul disponibbli ekwivalizzat taħt il-limitu tar-riskju ta’ faqar (ARPT). Il-membri ta’ unità domestika ta’ persuna waħda b’età ta’ 65 sena jew aktar, u membri ta’ unitajiet domestiċi b’żewġ adulti, u tliet tfal dipendenti jew aktar, huma wkoll aktar fiċ-ċans li jkunu f’riskju ta’ faqar (Tabella nru 6).

Ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) fost persuni li jgħixu f’familji b’mill-inqas membru wieħed ta’ età 0–64, naqset hekk kif l-intensità tax-xogħol tal-familji żdiedet (irreferi għan-nota metodoloġika 4). Fil-fatt, 73.3 fil-mija tal-persuni li jgħixu f’familji b’intensità tax-xogħol baxxa ħafna nstabu li kienu f’riskju ta’ faqar fl-EU-SILC 2022 (Tabella nru 7).

Ġiet irreġistrata żieda fir-rati ta’ riskju ta’ faqar għall-persuni rtirati u persuni inattivi oħra għas-sena ta’ riferenza (irreferi għan-nota metodoloġika 4) meta mqabblin mal-istħarriġ ta’ qabel. Min-naħa l-oħra, kien hemm tnaqqis fir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar għal dawk impjegati, filwaqt li r-rata għal dawk qegħdin baqgħet l-istess bħal dik fis-sena ta’ qabel (Tabella nru 8).

F’livell distrettwali, id-distribuzzjoni ta’ persuni taħt il-limitu tal-ARP kienet irregolari madwar il-Gżejjer Maltin, bid-distrett tat-Tramuntana tal-Port ikollu l-akbar sehem ta’ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar segwit mid-distrett tat-Tramuntana. Min-naħa l-oħra, id-distrett tax-Xlokk irreġistra l-aktar rata baxxa ta’ nies f’riskju ta’ faqar (Mappa nru 1).

Mappa nru 1. It-tqassim tar-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARP) bid-distrett: 2022

L-Indikaturi tat-Tiċħid Materjali u Soċjali

L-indikaturi tat-tiċħid materjali u soċjali huma msejsa fuq 13-il fattur, li sebgħa minnhom għandhom x’jaqsmu mal-familja tal-persuna u s-sitta l-oħra huma relatati mal-persuni nfushom. Din il-lista ta’ komponenti ġiet adottata mill-Istati Membri tal-UE fl-2017 (irreferi għan-nota metodoloġika 5). Minn dan is-sett ta’ komponenti, jinkisbu żewġ indikaturi ewlenin, jiġifieri, l-indikatur tat-Tiċħid Materjali u Soċjali (MSD) u l-indikatur tat-Tiċħid Materjali u Soċjali Sever (SMSD).

Meta mqabblin mas-sena ta’ qabel, dawk li wieġbu li l-familja tagħhom ma kinitx taffordja ikla b’laħam, tiġieġ, ħut jew ekwivalenti veġetarjan kull jumejn; dawk li qalu li sabuha diffiċli li jipparteċipaw regolarment f’attività ta’ divertiment; u dawk li sabuha diffiċli jonfqu ammont żgħir ta’ flus kull ġimgħa fuqhom infushom, kellhom l-ogħla żidied fl-għedud tagħhom fis-sena 2022 (Ċart nru 3A u Ċart nru 3B).

Ċart nru 3a. Ir-rati tat-tiċħid materjali u soċjali fost il-familji li wieġbu għall-istħarriġ

Ċart nru 3b. Ir-rati tat-tiċħid materjali u soċjali fost il-persuni li wieġbu għall-istħarriġ

Fl-2022, l-istħarriġ tal-EU-SILC wasal għar-rata ta’ 9.6 fil-mija għall-indikatur tat-tiċħid materjali u soċjali (MSD). Din ir-rata hija 0.2 punti perċentwali inqas mis-sena preċedenti. Barra minn hekk, ir-rata tal-indikatur tat-Tiċħid Materjali u Soċjali Sever (SMSD) naqset b’0.5 punti perċentwali sabiex niżlet għal 4.9 fil-mija (Tabella nru 9) (irreferi għan-nota metodoloġika 5).

Ċart nru 4. Tqabbil bejn ir-rati tat-Tiċħid Materjali u Soċjali (MSD) u t-Tiċħid Materjali u Soċjali Sever (SMSD) fl-aħħar ħames snin

Il-persuni jkunu meqjusa li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) jekk ikunu joqogħdu f’familja li taqa’ taħt waħda mit-tliet kundizzjonijiet li ġejjin: f’riskju ta’ faqar (ARP); f’Tiċħid Materjali u Soċjali Sever (SMSD); jew li jkollha Intensità Baxxa tax-Xogħol (LWI). Fl-2022, il-fattur li l-aktar li wassal għar-riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kien ġej mil-persuni li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar b’16.7 fil-mija (Ċart nru 5).

Ċart nru 5. L-indikatur tar-riskju tal-faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali u l-komponenti tiegħu

Bir-rata ta’ 25.7 fil-mija, id-distrett tat-Tramuntana tal-Port irreġistra l-ogħla rata ta’ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE). Min-naħa l-oħra, fid-distrett tax-Xlokk ġiet irreġistrata l-aktar rata baxxa ta’ AROPE bi 11.5 fil-mija (Mappa nru 2).

Mappa nru 2. It-tqassim tar-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) bid-distrett: 2022

Il-karatteristiċi tal-benesseri

Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jirrappreżenta sodisfazzjon ta’ xejn u 10 jirrappreżenta sodisfazzjoni sħiħ, dawk li wieġbu fir-riskju tal-faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali rrappurtaw punteġġi medji aktar baxxi fir-rigward tas-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bil-ħajja ġenerali, is-sitwazzjoni finanzjarja, l-impjieg attwali, u r-relazzjonijiet personali, meta mqabblin ma’ dawk li mhumiex f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali.

Il-punteġġi medji għas-sodisfazzjon ġenerali fir-rigward tar-riskju ta’ faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali kienu kemxejn ogħla fl-2022, meta mqabblin mal-2021. B’mod partikolari, fl-2022, ir-rispondenti f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali rrappurtaw punteġġ medju ta’ 6.8 għas-sodisfazzjon bil-ħajja ġenerali tagħhom, żieda ta’ 0.5 punti mill-2021, punteġġ medju ta’ 5.8 għas-sodisfazzjon bis-sitwazzjoni finanzjarja tagħhom, żieda ta’ 0.1 punti mill-2021, u punteġġ medju ta’ 7.3 għas-sodisfazzjon bl-impjieg attwali tagħhom, żieda ta’ 0.5 punti mill-2021. Il-punteġġ medju għas-sodisfazzjon bir-relazzjonijiet personali fost il-persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali baqa’ l-istess bħal dak fl-2021, bi 8.2 (Tabella nru 10).

Additional Tables and Charts

Table 3. Gross and disposable household income¹ by source

Table 4. Main household income and at-risk-of-poverty indicators

Table 5. Difference in the at-risk-of-poverty rate by type of disposable income

Table 6. At-risk-of-poverty rates by household type

Table 7. At-risk-of-poverty rates by work intensity of household (population aged 0 to 64)

Table 8. At-risk-of-poverty rates among persons aged 18 and over by most frequent activity status and sex

Table 9. Percentage rates and number of persons living in households by perceived capacity to afford various items

Table 10. Mean values for perceived level of satisfaction regarding certain well-being characteristics, by sex, age, at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion, and equivalised income

All Tables

Methodological Notes

1. Background

The European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey is an annual enquiry conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) among persons residing in private households in Malta and Gozo.

The main scope of this survey is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, relative poverty, material deprivation and social exclusion. This survey has been carried out in Malta since 2005, under European Regulation (EU) No. 1177/2003. This Regulation establishes criteria which ensure the production of high quality and harmonised results at European level. As from 2020, EU-SILC started to be carried out under a new regulation: Regulation (EU) No. 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples.

The survey is designed to collect detailed information on household characteristics, labour market, education, household income, material deprivation and social exclusion. The households’ wealth (assets) and gains/losses from capital transfers are not covered by this survey.

2. Sample size and response

The EU-SILC sample follows a rotational design whereby every household is surveyed for four consecutive years. This sampling methodology enhances consistency and thus allows for high quality cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.

In 2022 the gross sample size was 4,891 households. Of these, 79 households were ineligible for the survey (i.e. addresses that did not actually exist, could not be located, non-residential addresses, permanently vacant dwellings or institutional households). Consequently, 4,812 households were approached for the interview. Of these, 4,163 completed the survey, resulting in a household response rate of 87 per cent. These households comprised 10,265 residents, of whom 8,921 were aged 16 and over.

The population figure used to gross up and to calibrate EU-SILC data refers to one calendar year prior to the survey year. Consequently, the population in EU-SILC 2022 refers to the number of persons living in private households as at end of 2021 which was estimated at 512,838.

3. Income reference period

The income reference year of the SILC survey is one calendar year prior to the survey year. Consequently, the income collected in SILC 2022 refers to the calendar year 2021.

The major income components are sourced from administrative data.

4. Concepts and definitions

A person is defined as a dependent child if s/he is:

● under 18, or;

● 18-24 years old and is economically inactive and living with at least one parent.

Otherwise, the person is referred to as an adult.

The Work Intensity (WI) of a household is the ratio of the total number of months that all household members have worked during the income reference year and the total number of months the same household members theoretically could have worked in the same period. In line with EU Regulation No. 2019/1700 on person and household surveys, the WI indicator was modified to cover persons aged between 18 and 64 instead of persons aged between 18 and 59. Students aged between 18 and 24 are excluded from the calculation of this indicator. Moreover, households composed only of children aged less than 18, students aged less than 25 and/or people aged 65 or more are completely excluded from the computation of this indicator.

The most frequent activity status is defined as the status that individuals aged 18 and over declare to have occupied for more than six months in the calendar year. The most frequent activity status groups are; employment, unemployment, retirement and other inactivity.

The gross household income includes:

● Gross employee cash or near cash income;

● Gross non-cash employee income (only company car and associated costs included);

● Gross cash benefits or losses from self-employment (including royalties);

● Unemployment benefits;

● Old-age benefits;

● Survivors’ benefits;

● Sickness benefits;

● Disability benefits;

● Education-related allowances;

● Income from rental of property or land;

● Family/Children related allowances;

● Social exclusion benefits not elsewhere classified;

● Housing allowances;

● Regular inter-household cash transfers received;

● Interests, dividends, profits from capital investments in unincorporated business;

● Income received by people aged under 16; and,

● Income received from individual private pension plans.

The total disposable income of a household is calculated by deducting:

● regular inter-household cash transfers paid;

● tax on income; and,

● social insurance contributions.

from the total gross household income.

Equivalent household size is calculated according to the “modified OECD” equivalence scale which gives:

● a weight of 1.0 to the first adult;

● a weight of 0.5 to any other household member aged 14+;

● a weight of 0.3 to each child.

The resulting figure, which is the sum of these weights, is attributed to each member of the household.

Equivalised disposable income (referred to also as national equivalised income) is defined as the household’s total disposable income divided by its “equivalent household size”, to take account of the size and composition of the household, and is attributed to each household member. For example, a household with two adults and two children aged less than 14, would have an equivalised household size of (1+0.5+0.3+0.3) = 2.1. If the total disposable income earned by the household is €20,000, then the household equivalised income would result in (€20,000/2.1) = €9,523.

The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is also referred to as the at-risk-of-poverty line or, simply, the poverty line. This is equivalent to 60 per cent of the median national equivalised income of persons living in private households.

The S80/S20 ratio is the ratio between the sums of the highest and lowest 20 per cent equivalised incomes of persons within the households.

The Gini coefficient measures the inequality of income distribution. It may take values ranging from 0 per cent, which implies perfect equality in the income distribution, to 100 per cent, which signifies absolute inequality.

5. Material and social Deprivation:

In 2017, a set of new Material and Social Deprivation (MSD) indicators were adopted by all the European Union (EU) Member States. The new indicators are the Material and Social deprivation (MSD) indicator and the Severe Material and Social Deprivation (SMSD) indicator. These indicators are based on 13 items: 7 household items and 6 personal items.

Household items:

● face unexpected expenses;

● afford one week annual holiday away from home;

● avoid arrears (in mortgage, rent, utility bills and/or hire purchase instalments);

● afford a meal with meat, chicken or fish or vegetarian equivalent every second day;

● afford keeping their home appropriately warm;

● have access to a car/van for personal use;

● replace worn-out furniture.

Personal items:

● replace worn-out clothes with some new ones;

● have two pairs of properly fitting shoes;

● spend a small amount of money each week on him/herself (“pocket money”);

● have regular leisure activities;

● get together with friends/family for a drink/meal at least once a month;

● have an internet connection.

Persons lacking at least five items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be materially and socially deprived.

Persons lacking at least seven items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be severely materially and socially deprived.

6. The at-risk-of-poverty rate refers to the share of persons with an equivalised disposable income below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold.

7. Sampling variability of main SILC 2022 indicators

		estimate	margin of error at 95% confidence interval	95% confidence interval
At-risk-of-poverty		85,797	6,667	85797 ± 6667
At-risk-of-poverty rate (%)	Total	16.7	1.3	16.7 ± 1.3
	Males	15.8	1.5	15.8 ± 1.5
	Females	17.8	1.5	17.8 ± 1.5
	0-17	19.3	2.9	19.3 ± 2.9
	18-64	12.3	1.3	12.3 ± 1.3
	65+	30.0	2.2	30.0 ± 2.2
Material and social deprivation		49,329	5,641	49329 ± 5641
Material and social deprivation rate (%)	Total	9.6	1.1	9.6 ± 1.1
	Males	8	1	8 ± 1.0
	Females	11.4	1.4	11.4 ± 1.4
	0-17	9.2	2.1	9.2 ± 2.1
	18-64	9	1.1	9 ± 1.1
	65+	12.3	1.8	12.3 ± 1.8
Severe material and social deprivation		25,370	4,103	25370 ± 4103
Severe material and social deprivation rate (%)	Total	4.9	0.8	4.9 ± 0.8
	Males	4.3	0.8	4.3 ± 0.8
	Females	5.7	1	5.7 ± 1.0
	0-17	6.5	1.8	6.5 ± 1.8
	18-64	4.2	0.7	4.2 ± 0.7
	65+	6.1	1.3	6.1 ± 1.3
Low work intensity		15,242	3,590	15242 ± 3590
Low work intensity rate (%)	Total	3.8	0.7	3.8 ± 0.7
	Males	3.5	0.7	3.5 ± 0.7
	Females	4.2	1	4.2 ± 1.0
	0-17	4.4	1.3	4.4 ± 1.3
	18-64	3.7	0.6	3.7 ± 0.6
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion		10,2834	7,180	102834 ± 7180
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate (%)	Total	20.1	1.4	20.1 ± 1.4
	Males	18.9	1.6	18.9 ± 1.6
	Females	21.3	1.6	21.3 ± 1.6
	0-17	23.1	3.1	23.1 ± 3.1
	18-64	15.5	1.4	15.5 ± 1.4
	65+	33.3	2.3	33.3 ± 2.3
At-risk-of-poverty by household type		85,797	6,667	85797 ± 6667
At-risk-of-poverty rate (%)	Household without dependent children	18.1	1.4	18.1 ± 1.4
	One person household, under 65 years	27.6	5.1	27.6 ± 5.1
	One person household, 65 years and over	42	4.5	42.0 ± 4.5
	2 adults, no dependent children, both under 65 years	10	2.7	10.0 ± 2.7
	2 adults, no dependent children, at least one adult 65 years or more	30.6	3.4	30.6 ± 3.4
	Other households without dependent children	4	1.6	4.0 ± 1.6
	Household with dependent children	15.3	2.3	15.3 ± 2.3
	Single parent household, one or more dependent children	43.3	10	43.3 ± 10.0
	2 adults, one dependent child	10.4	3.7	10.4 ± 3.7
	2 adults, two dependent children	17.1	5	17.1 ± 5.0
	2 adults, three or more dependent children	39.8	13.2	39.8 ± 13.2
	Other households with one or more dependent children	8.3	3.4	8.3 ± 3.4
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion by household type		102,834	7,180	102834 ± 7180
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate (%)	Household without dependent children	21.6	1.5	21.6 ± 1.5
	One person household, under 65 years	30.9	5.2	30.9 ± 5.2
	One person household, 65 years and over	44.2	4.6	44.2 ± 4.6
	2 adults, no dependent children, both under 65 years	12.1	2.9	12.1 ± 2.9
	2 adults, no dependent children, at least one adult 65 years or more	35.4	3.5	35.4 ± 3.5
	Other households without dependent children	8.2	2.4	8.2 ± 2.4
	Household with dependent children	18.4	2.5	18.4 ± 2.5
	Single parent household, one or more dependent children	52.4	10.7	52.4 ± 10.7
	2 adults, one dependent child	15.3	4.3	15.3 ± 4.3
	2 adults, two dependent children	18	5.1	18.0 ± 5.1
	2 adults, three or more dependent children	39.9	13.2	39.9 ± 13.2
	Other households with one or more dependent children	10.7	3.6	10.7 ± 3.6

8. Key

: Data not published due to unreliable survey estimates as a result of:
1. less than 20 reporting households; or
2. the non-response for the item concerned exceeds 50 per cent.

[ ] Figures to be used with caution: figures based on between 20 and 49 reporting household or figures with item non-response ranging between 20 per cent and 50 per cent.

N/A Not applicable

9. Other notes:

● Sample used for the EU-SILC survey was extracted from a database based on the Census of Population and Housing 2011.

● Tables may not exactly add up due to rounding.

10. More information relating to this news release may be accessed at:

Statistical Concepts

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11. References to this news release are to be cited appropriately.

12. A detailed news release calendar is available online.

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