NSO Malta | L-EU-SILC 2022: Indikaturi dwar il-Ġid tan-Nies, is-Soċjetà u s-Saħħa

Punti ewlenin
Aħbarijiet
Tabelli
Metodoloġija
PDF

L-EU-SILC 2022: Indikaturi dwar il-Ġid tan-Nies, is-Soċjetà u s-Saħħa

NR 055/2024

Data tal-Ħruġ: 25 taʼ Marzu 2024

Il-maġġoranza tal-persuni li joqogħdu fi djar privati raw is-saħħa ġenerali tagħhom bħala waħda tajba (76.7 fil-mija), filwaqt li 31 fil-mija tan-nies qalu li jbatu minn xi mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi.

L-Istħarriġ tal-Istatistika Ewropea dwar id-Dħul u l-Kundizzjonijiet tal-Għajxien (EU-SILC) huwa eżerċizzju dejjem għaddej li huwa magħmul mill-Uffiċċju Nazzjonali tal-Istatistika (NSO) fost persuni li joqogħdu fi djar privati fʼMalta u Għawdex. L-istħarriġ jiġbor tagħrif dwar għadd taʼ indikaturi relatati mas-saħħa ġenerali u l-ġid tan-nies.

L-indikaturi tas-saħħa

Fl-2022, 76.7 fil-mija tal-persuni li joqogħdu fi djar privati kienu jaraw is-saħħa ġenerali tagħhom bħala waħda tajba (Ċart nru 1). L-irġiel kellhom aktar it-tendenza li jaraw is-saħħa tagħhom bħala waħda tajba (79.5 fil-mija) meta mqabblin man-nisa (73.8 fil-mija) (Tabella nru 1). Ftit inqas minn terz taʼ dawk li wieġbu (31.0 fil-mija) qalu li jbatu minn xi mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi¹ (Ċart nru 2, Tabella nru 2). Il-biċċa l-kbira qalu li li mʼgħandhomx limitazzjonijiet fil-ħajja taʼ kuljum tagħhom minħabba problemi tas-saħħa. Kienu biss 15.1 fil-mija li qalu bil-kontra (Ċart nru 3, Tabella nru 3).

¹ Mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi jistgħu jinkludu l-artrite, allerġiji, pressjoni għolja, l-uġigħ taʼ ras li tibqaʼ għaddejja, ansjetà jew dipressjoni kroniċi, dijabete u ażma.

Ċart nru 1. L-istat tas-saħħa ġenerali kif mifhum min-nies infushom

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2020-2022

Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

Ċart nru 2. Is-sehem taʼ persuni li jbatu minn mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi, bis-sess

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2020-2022

Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

Ċart nru 3. Is-sehem taʼ persuni bʼlimitazzjoni fl-attività minħabba problemi taʼ saħħa, bis-sess

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2020-2022

Nota: Tirreferi għal persuni taʼ 16-il sena u aktar li joqogħdu fi djar privati.

Il-maġġoranza tal-individwi ma rrappurtawx li kellhom ħtieġa taʼ eżami jew trattament mediku jew dentali li ma sarx, bi 2.8 fil-mija biss tal-individwi jirrappurtaw mod ieħor. Dan kien tnaqqis meta mqabbel mal-2021 (4.3 fil-mija) u l-2020 (3.0 fil-mija) (Tabella nru 4). Bʼrata taʼ 2.9 fil-mija, in-nisa kienu aktar probabbli li jirrappurtaw ħtieġa mhux milħuqa għal eżami jew trattament mediku jew dentali, tnaqqis ta’ 2.0 punti perċentwali meta mqabbel mal-2021 (4.9 fil-mija), u żieda ta’ 0.1 punti perċentwali meta mqabbel mal-2020 (2.8 fil-mija) (Ċart nru 4, Tabella nru 4).

Ċart nru 4. Is-sehem taʼ persuni li qalu li kellhom ħtiġijiet mhux milħuqa għal eżami/trattament mediku jew dentali, bis-sess

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2020-2022

Ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) tiddefinixxi l-proporzjon/l-għadd ta’ persuni li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar jew fʼtiċħid materjali u soċjali sever, jew li jgħixu f’unitajiet domestiċi b’intensità ta’ xogħol baxxa ħafna. Fl-2022, il-persuni li kienu f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kienu inqas probabbli li jaraw is-saħħa ġenerali tagħhom bħala tajba. Fil-fatt, 57.9 fil-mija biss tal-persuni li kienu f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kienu jqisu s-saħħa ġenerali tagħhom bħala waħda tajba, meta mqabblin ma’ 81.3 fil-mija ta’ dawk li wieġbu li ma kinux f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali (Tabella nru 1).

Meta kienu meqjusin il-fatturi ewlenin li juru s-saħħa ħażina u l-mard kroniku, in-nisa, l-individwi li għandhom aktar minn 65 sena, u l-individwi fir-riskju tal-faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali, kienu aktar probabbli li jirrappurtaw li jbatu minn mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi, u li huma mġarrbin minn limitazzjonijiet minħabba problemi taʼ saħħa. Tali xejriet kienu osservati wkoll fl-2021 u fl-2020 (Tabelli nri 2 u 3).

L-indikaturi tal-ġid tan-nies

Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jirrappreżenta ʼl min ma kien sodisfatt xejn u 10 jirrappreżenta ʼl min kien sodisfatt għalkollox, kien irrappurtat punteġġ medju ta’ 8.6 minn dawk li wieġbu dwar is-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bir-relazzjonijiet personali mal-familja u l-ħbieb. Barra minn hekk, kien irrappurtat punteġġ medju ta’ 7.7 dwar is-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bl-impjieg attwali tagħhom, filwaqt li kien ukoll irrappurtat punteġġ medju ta’ 7.4 b’rabta mas-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bil-ħajja ġenerali. Fil-livell ta’ 6.8, il-punteġġi medji l-aktar baxxi kienu rrappurtati fuq is-sodisfazzjon bil-qagħda finanzjarja u bl-użu tal-ħin. Dawk bejn is-16 u d-29 sena rrappurtaw punteġġ medju ogħla fuq is-sodisfazzjon ġenerali tal-ħajja (7.8), meta mqabblin ma’ dawk li kellhom 65 sena jew aktar (7.1). L-ogħla punteġġ medju fir-rigward tas-sodisfazzjon tar-relazzjoni personali kien irrappurtat minn dawk fl-età ta’ bejn it-18 u d-29 sena (8.7). Dawk li wieġbu li kienu f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali rrappurtaw punteġġi medji aktar baxxi fir-rigward tas-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bil-ħajja ġenerali, il-qagħda finanzjarja, l-impjieg attwali, u r-relazzjonijiet personali, meta mqabbla ma’ dawk li ma kinux f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali. Min-naħa l-oħra, dawn tal-aħħar irrappurtaw punteġġ medju ogħla fir-rigward tas-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bl-użu tal-ħin.

Id-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI) ta’ familja huwa definit bħala d-dħul kollu disponibbli tal-familja maqsum bid-’daqs ekwivalenti’ tagħha (imsejħa wkoll unitajiet ta’ konsum). In-NEI jqis id-daqs u t-tqassim tal-etajiet tal-membri tad-dar. Fl-2022, persuni fl-ogħla kategorija ta’ dħul ekwivalizzat irrappurtaw valuri medji ogħla għas-sodisfazzjon bil-ħajja ġenerali, il-qagħda finanzjarja, l-impjieg attwali u r-relazzjonijiet personali. Min-naħa l-oħra, valur medju ogħla għas-sodisfazzjon bl-użu tal-ħin kien irrappurtat minn persuni fil-kategorija tad-dħul ekwivalizzat l-aktar baxx (Tabella nru 5a).

Ċart nru 5. Il-livell taʼ sodisfazzjon dwar għadd taʼ karatteristiċi tal-ġid kif mifhum min-nies infushom

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2022

Bʼmod generali, dawk li wieġbu rrappurtaw li ħassewhom fil-hena (57.6 fil-mija) u fil-kalma u l-kwiet (47.1 fil-mija), il-maġġoranza tal-ħin. Fost dawk li wieġbu għall-istħarriġ, 31.6 fil-mija rari ħassewhom imġarrbin minn nervi u tbaqbiq, filwaqt li 31.2 fil-mija oħra qalu li kultant ħassew dan it-tiġrib (Ċart nru 6).

Ċart nru 6. Is-sehem taʼ persuni bis-sentimenti tagħhom dwar għadd taʼ karatteristiċi dwar il-kwalità tal-ħajja

Żmien taʼ riferenza: 2022

In-nisa kienu aktar probabbli li jirrappurtaw li, ħafna drabi, ħassewhom bin-nervi u mbaqbqa (13.6 fil-mija), li kienu mdejqin (4.0 fil-mija) u li kellhom qalbhom maqtugħa u bʼdipressjoni (5.2 fil-mija). Min-naħa l-oħra, l-irġiel kellhom aktar ċans li jirrappurtaw sentimenti ta’ kalma u kwiet (49.1 fil-mija) u hena (58.8 fil-mija), ħafna drabi. Dawk taʼ minn 65 sena ’l fuq kellhom aktar ċans li jħossuhom, ħafna drabi, imdejqin (5.5 fil-mija) u bʼqalbhom maqtugħa u bʼdipressjoni (5.6 fil-mija). In-nervi u tbaqbiq kienu rrappurtati, ħafna drabi, minn persuni ta’ bejn it-30 u l-64 sena (12.3 fil-mija). Sadattant, dawk li kellhom bejn is-16 u s-17-il sena kellhom aktar ċans li jħossuhom kalmi u fil-kwiet (57.6 fil-mija) u l-hena (68.3 fil-mija), ħafna drabi.

Dawk li kienu f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kienu aktar probabbli li jirrapportaw li ħassewhom bin-nervi u mbaqbqa (2.8 fil-mija), imdejqin (1.2 fil-mija), bʼqalbhom maqtugħa u bʼdipressjoni (1.5 fil-mija), u waħedhom (3.1 fil-mija), il-ħin kollu, meta mqabblin ma’ dawk li ma kinux f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali (Tabella nru 6a).

Fl-2022, il-biċċa l-kbira tal-individwi (95.1 fil-mija) ħassew li, jekk ikun hemm bżonn, kienu sa jirċievu għajnuna materjali jew mhux materjali² mill-familja, ħbieb, kollegi, jew persuni oħrajn li kienu jafu (Tabella nru 7).

Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jirrappreżenta ʼl min ma jafda xejn u 10 jirrappreżenta ʼl min jafda għalkollox, bħala medja, il-punt sa fejn in-nies jafdaw lil oħrajn kien irrappurtat fil-punt taʼ 5.1. Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jirrappreżenta assolutament mhux eskluż u 10 jirrappreżenta eskluż għalkollox, l-individwi dehru li jaraw lilhom infushom bħala li mhumiex esklużi mis-soċjetà. Fil-fatt, il-punteġġ medju fir-rigward tas-sentimenti ta’ esklużjoni mis-soċjetà kien irrappurtat fil-livell ta’ 2.2 (Tabella nru 8).

² L-għajnuna materjali tinkludi flus, self jew oġġetti, filwaqt li l-għajnuna mhux materjali tinkludi lil xi ħadd biex ikellem, jgħin biex jagħmel xi ħaġa jew jiġbor xi ħaġa.

Additional Tables and Charts

Table 1. Self-perceived general health of persons by year, sex, age, and at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion

Table 2. Number and share of persons suffering from chronic illnesses or conditions by year, sex, age,
and at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion

Table 3. Number and share of persons with limited activities because of health problems by year, sex, age,
and at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion

Table 4. Number and share of persons who reported unmet needs for medical or
dental examination/treatment by year and sex

Table 5a. Mean values for perceived level of satisfaction regarding certain well-being characteristics, by sex, age,
at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion, and equivalised income: 2022

Table 5b. Share and number of persons by perceived level of satisfaction regarding certain
well-being characteristics, by sex, age, and at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion: 2022

Table 6a. Share of persons by feelings regarding certain quality-of-life characteristics, by sex, age and
at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion: 2022

Table 6b. Number of persons by feelings regarding certain quality-of-life characteristics, by sex, age and
at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion: 2022

Table 7. Share and number of persons by material or non-material help received from relatives, friends or
neighbours, by sex and age: 2022

Table 8. Mean values for level of trust in other people, and perceived level of social exclusion, by sex, age, and
at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion: 2022

All Tables

Methodological Notes

1. Background

The European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey is an annual enquiry conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) among persons residing in private households in Malta and Gozo.

The main scope of this survey is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, relative poverty, material deprivation and social exclusion. This survey has been carried out in Malta since 2005, under European Regulation (EU) No. 1177/2003. This Regulation establishes criteria which ensure the production of high quality and harmonised results at European level. As from 2020, EU-SILC started to be carried out under and new regulation: Regulation (EU) No. 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples.

The survey is designed to collect detailed information on household characteristics, labour market, education, household income, material deprivation and social exclusion. The households’ wealth (assets) and gains/losses from capital transfers are not covered by this survey.

2. Sample size and response

The EU-SILC sample follows a rotational design whereby every household is surveyed for four consecutive years. This sampling methodology enhances consistency and thus allows for high quality cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.

In 2022 the gross sample size was 4,891 households. Of these, 79 households were ineligible for the survey (i.e. addresses that did not actually exist, could not be located, non-residential addresses, permanently vacant dwellings or institutional households). Consequently, 4,812 households were approached for the interview. Of these, 4,163 completed the survey, resulting in a household response rate of 87 per cent. These households comprised 10,265 residents, of whom 8,921 were aged 16 and over.

The population figure used to gross up and to calibrate EU-SILC data refers to one calendar year prior to the survey year. Consequently, the population in EU-SILC 2022 refers to the number of persons living in private households as at end of 2021 which was estimated at 512,838.

3. Income reference period

The income reference year of the EU-SILC survey is one calendar year prior to the survey year. Therefore, the income collected in EU-SILC 2022 refers to calendar year 2021.

4. Concepts and definitions

General health was collected based upon the self-perception of the interviewed persons

A person is defined as a dependent child if s/he is:

● under 18;

● 18-24 years old and is economically inactive and living with at least one parent.

Otherwise, the person is referred to as an adult.

Equivalised disposable income (referred to also as national equivalised income) is defined as the household’s total disposable income divided by its “equivalent household size”, to take account of the size and composition of the household, and is attributed to each household member. For example, a household with two adults and two children aged less than 14, would have an equivalised household size of (1+0.5+0.3+0.3) = 2.1. If the total disposable income earned by the household is €20,000, then the household equivalised income would result in (€20,000/2.1) = €9,523.

The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is also referred to as the at-risk-of-poverty line or, simply, the poverty line. This is equivalent to 60 per cent of the median national equivalised income of persons living in private households.

The at-risk-of-poverty rate refers to the share of persons with an equivalised disposable income below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold.

5. Material and social deprivation

In 2017, a set of new Material and Social Deprivation (MSD) indicators were adopted by all the European Union (EU) Member States (Guio, 2017). The new indicators are the Material and Social deprivation (MSD) indicator and the Severe Material and Social Deprivation (SMSD) indicator. These indicators are based on 13 items: 7 household items and 6 personal items.

Household items:

● face unexpected expenses;

● afford one week annual holiday away from home;

● avoid arrears (in mortgage, rent, utility bills and/or hire purchase instalments);

● afford a meal with meat, chicken or fish or vegetarian equivalent every second day;

● afford keeping their home appropriately warm;

● have access to a car/van for personal use;

● replace worn-out furniture.

Personal items:

● replace worn-out clothes with some new ones;

● have two pairs of properly fitting shoes;

● spend a small amount of money each week on him/herself (“pocket money”);

● have regular leisure activities;

● get together with friends/family for a drink/meal at least once a month;

● have an internet connection.

Persons lacking at least five items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be materially and socially deprived.

Persons lacking at least seven items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be severely materially and socially deprived.

6. Key:

: Data not published due to unreliable survey estimates as a result of:

1. less than 20 reporting households; or

2. the non-response for the item concerned exceeds 50 per cent.

[] Figures to be used with caution: figures with between 20 and 49 reporting households or with non-response for the item concerned that exceeds 20 per cent and is lower or equal to 50 per cent.

N/A Not applicable

7. Other notes:

– Sample used for the SILC survey was extracted from a database based on the Census of Population and Housing 2011.

– Tables may not exactly add up due to rounding.

8. More information relating to this news release may be accessed at:

Statistical Concepts

Metadata

9. A detailed news release calendar is available online.

10. References to this news release are to be cited appropriately. For guidance on access and re-use of data please visit our dedicated webpage.

11. For further assistance send your request through our online request form.

L-EU-SILC 2022: Indikaturi dwar il-Ġid tan-Nies, is-Soċjetà u s-Saħħa

NR 055/2024

Data tal-Ħruġ: 25 taʼ Marzu 2024

Il-maġġoranza tal-persuni li joqogħdu fi djar privati raw is-saħħa ġenerali tagħhom bħala waħda tajba (76.7 fil-mija), filwaqt li 31 fil-mija tan-nies qalu li jbatu minn xi mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi.
Fuq skala minn 0 (mhu sodisfatt xejn) sa 10 (sodisfatt għalkollox), kien irrappurtat punteġġ medju taʼ 8.6 u 6.8 minn dawk li wieġbu dwar ir-relazzjonijiet personali u l-użu tal-ħin, u s-sodisfazzjon finanzjarju, rispettivament.
Persuni li kienu fʼriskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali kellhom punteġġi medji aktar baxxi dwar il-ħajja, il-qagħda finanzjarja, l-impjieg attwali, u r-relazzjonijiet personali, u punteġġi medji ogħla dwar is-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bl-użu tal-ħin, meta mqabblin maʼ ħaddieħor.
Dawk li wieġbu għall-istħarriġ irrappurtaw li ħassewhom fil-hena għal ħafna drabi (58 fil-mija), filwaqt li kultant ħassewhom bin-nervi u mbaqbqa (31 fil-mija).

News Releases

Ċart nru 1. L-istat tas-saħħa ġenerali kif mifhum min-nies infushom

Ċart nru 2. Is-sehem taʼ persuni li jbatu minn mard jew kundizzjonijiet kroniċi, bis-sess

Ċart nru 3. Is-sehem taʼ persuni bʼlimitazzjoni fl-attività minħabba problemi taʼ saħħa, bis-sess

Ċart nru 4. Is-sehem taʼ persuni li qalu li kellhom ħtiġijiet mhux milħuqa għal eżami/trattament mediku jew dentali, bis-sess

Ċart nru 6. Is-sehem taʼ persuni bis-sentimenti tagħhom dwar għadd taʼ karatteristiċi dwar il-kwalità tal-ħajja

Additional Tables and Charts

Methodological Notes