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L-EU-SILC 2023: Indikaturi Ewlenin  

NR106/2024
Data tal-Ħruġ: 12 taʼ Ġunju 2024

  • Il-limitu tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARPT) maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2023 kien taʼ €11,363.99.
  • Fl-2023, l-għadd taʼ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar li jgħixu fi djar privati kien stmat għal 16.6 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni mistħarrġa, li huwa tnaqqis taʼ 0.1 punti perċentwali meta mqabbel mal-2022.
  • Mill-EU-SILC 2023 ħareġ li r-rata taʼ persuni fʼriskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) kienet taʼ 19.8 fil-mija, u li għalhekk kien irreġistrat tnaqqis taʼ 0.3 punti perċentwali fuq l-2022.

L-EU-SILC 2023: Indikaturi Ewlenin

L-EU-SILC 2023: Indikaturi Ewlenin

NR106/2024
Data tal-Ħruġ: 12 taʼ Ġunju 2024

L-istħarriġ wera li l-għadd taʼ persuni li kienu jgħixu fʼfamilji bi dħul ekwivalizzat nazzjonali taħt il-limitu tar-riskju taʼ faqar (€11,364) kien taʼ 88,462. Bʼhekk, ir-rata taʼ riskju taʼ faqar kienet taʼ 16.6 fil-mija, li hija tnaqqis taʼ 0.1 punti perċentwali meta mqabbla mas-sena taʼ qabel.

Daħla

L-Istħarriġ tal-Istatistika Ewropea dwar id-Dħul u l-Kundizzjonijiet tal-Għajxien (EU-SILC) huwa stħarriġ li jsir kull sena mill-Uffiċċju Nazzjonali tal-Istatistika (NSO) fost persuni li joqogħdu fi djar privati f’Malta u Għawdex. L-istatistika dwar id-dħul tirreferi għas-sena ta’ riferenza 2022, filwaqt li l-komponenti li mhumiex tad-dħul (bħad-deprivazzjoni materjali) jirreferu għall-2023, li hija s-sena taʼ meta nġabar dan it-tagħrif.

Id-dħul gross medju tal-familji għall-2022 kif maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2023, huwa stmat li kien ilaħħaq is-€46,976, filwaqt li d-dħul disponibbli medju tal-familji kien stmat għal €37,275 (Tabella nru 4).

Fl-2023, ir-rata tad-deprivazzjoni materjali u soċjali severa (SMSD) fost il-persuni li jgħixu fil-familja kienet ta’ 4.1 fil-mija. Din iċ-ċifra hija 0.8 punti perċentwali inqas minn dik stmata mill-EU-SILC tas-sena taʼ qabel. Hawnhekk, l-aktar fatturi li nħassu kienu: l-inabbiltà tal-familji li jħallsu għal btala ta’ ġimgħa fis-sena ‘l bogħod mid-dar (30.0 fil-mija) u l-inabbiltà tagħhom li jiffaċċjaw spejjeż finanzjarji mhux mistennija (15.9 fil-mija) (Tabella nru 9).

L-Indikatur tar-riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali

Ir-rata tar-riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) tiddefinixxi l-proporzjon/l-għadd ta’ persuni li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar jew li huma serjament imċaħħda materjalment u soċjalment jew li jgħixu f’familji b’intensità baxxa ħafna ta’ xogħol (applikabbli biss għall-persuni ta’ bejn 0 u l-64 sena). Fl-EU-SILC 2023, ir-rata tar-riskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) kienet stmata li tilħaq id-19.8 fil-mija u, għalhekk, irreġistrat tnaqqis ta’ 0.3 punti perċentwali mill-2022. Seta’ jkun innutat tnaqqis ta’ 1.9 punti perċentwali fost dawk li kellhom 65 sena jew aktar. Għaldaqstant, ir-rata tal-AROPE għal dan il-grupp kienet stmata għal 31.4 fil-mija. Min-naħa l-oħra, setgħet tiġi nnotata żieda ta’ 2.1 punti perċentwali fost dawk taħt it-18-il sena biex b’hekk intlaħqet ir-rata ta’ 25.2 fil-mija. Għall-grupp tal-età ta’ bejn it-18 u l-64 sena, ir-rata tal-AROPE baqgħet kif kienet, 15.5 fil-mija (Tabella nru 1).

Tabella nru 1. Ir-rata tar-riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) bil-grupp tal-età u s-sess

Age group Sex 2022 20231
% % Number of persons
below the threshold
All ages    Males 18.9 18.7 52,399   
   Females 21.3 21.1 53,067   
Total 20.1 19.8 105,466   
Under 18 Total 23.1 25.2 20,807   
18-64    Males 14.9 14.8 28,519   
   Females 16.3 16.3 26,567   
Total 15.5 15.5 55,087   
65 and over    Males 29.8 29.7 13,321   
   Females 36.5 33.0 16,252   
Total 33.3 31.4 29,572   
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¹Waqfa fis-serje: ara n-nota metodoloġika nru 7.

Ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) fost persuni taħt it-18-il sena kienet tgħodd 22.0 fil-mija, żieda ta’ 2.7 punti perċentwali mis-sena ta’ qabel. Kienet osservata tnaqqisa ta’ 0.2 punti perċentwali għal persuni ta’ bejn it-18 u l-64 sena, li niżlet ir-rata tal-ARP għal dan il-grupp ta’ età għal 12.1 fil-mija fl-2023. Ir-rata għal dawk li għandhom 65 sena jew aktar niżlet għal 29.0 fil-mija, ekwivalenti għal tnaqqisa ta’ 1.0 punt perċentwali fuq l-EU-SILC 2022 (Tabella nru 2).

Tabella nru 2. Ir-rati taʼ riskju taʼ faqar bil-grupp tal-età u s-sess

Age group Sex 2022 20231
% % Number of persons
below the threshold
All ages    Males 15.8 15.7 44,075   
   Females 17.8 17.6 44,387   
Total 16.7 16.6 88,462   
Under 18 Total 19.3 22.0 18,173   
18-64    Males 12.2 11.8 22,730   
   Females 12.5 12.5 20,282   
Total 12.3 12.1 43,012   
65 and over    Males 26.8 27.7 12,405   
   Females 32.8 30.2 14,872   
Total 30.0 29.0 27,277   
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¹Waqfa fis-serje: ara n-nota metodoloġika nru 7.

Id-dħul tal-familji

Għas-sena li tirreferi għad-dħul fl-2022, id-dħul gross medju tal-familji kien stmat li jilħaq is-€46,976. Min-naħa l-oħra, l-istima tad-dħul disponibbli medju tal-familji kienet ta’ €37,275. Id-dħul disponibbli huwa mfisser bħala l-ammont ta’ flus fil-but tal-familji, wara li jkunu tnaqqsu t-taxxi, il-kontribuzzjonijiet soċjali u l-allemonji (Tabella nru 4).

Id-dħul mix-xogħol kien jilħaq 85.1 fil-mija tad-dħul gross kollu tal-familji, fis-sena 2022. Is-sehem tal-benefiċċji soċjali (inklużi l-benefiċċji tax-xjuħija), min-naħa l-oħra, kien jammonta għal 12.5 fil-mija tad-dħul gross kollu tal-familji (Ċart nru 1).

Ċart nru 1. It-tqassim tad-dħul gross tal-familji

No Data Found

It-tqassim tad-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI)

In-NEI ta’ familja jindika d-dħul disponibbli kollu tal-familja li jinqasam bid-“daqs ekwivalenti” tagħha (imsejjaħ ukoll unitajiet ta’ konsum). In-NEI iqis id-daqs u t-tqassim tal-età tal-membri tal-familja. Il-ko-effiċjent Gini huwa wieħed mill-kejlijiet tal-inugwaljanza fid-dħul li jvarja bejn 0 u 100 fil-mija. Ko-effiċjent Gini ta’ 0 fil-mija juri tqassim perfettament ugwali tad-dħul. Min-naħa l-oħra, ko-effiċjent Gini ta’ 100 fil-mija juri li hemm inugwaljanza sħiħa fid-dħul.

Il-proporzjon S80/S20, li jqabbel il-medja tad-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI) tal-ogħla u l-inqas 20 fil-mija ta’ dawk li kellhom dħul, kien ikkalkulat għal 5.4 (Tabella nru 4).

Il-ko-effiċjent Gini għal Malta, kif maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2023, żdied b’1.9 punti perċentwali għal 33.0 fil-mija, meta mqabbel mas-sena ta’ qabel (Tabella nru 4).

In-nuqqas taʼ flus (ARP)

Il-limitu tar-riskju ta’ faqar (ARPT) huwa mifhum bħala 60 fil-mija tad-Dħul Ekwivalizzat Nazzjonali (NEI) medjan. Dawk li wieġbu għall-EU-SILC u li n-NEI tagħhom jaqa’ taħt dan il-limitu jitqiesu li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar (ARP).

L-ARPT maħruġ mill-EU-SILC 2023 kien stmat għal €11,364, li huwa 4.3 fil-mija ogħla meta mqabbel mas-sena ta’ qabel (Tabella nru 4).

Fuq il-bażi tas-sena tad-dħul 2022, l-għadd ta’ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar li joqogħdu Malta kien stmat għal 88,462 jew 16.6 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni mistħarrġa (Tabella nru 4).

Ċart nru 2 tqabbel l-indiċijiet tat-tkabbir tal-limitu tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARPT), ir-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar (ARP) (Tabella nru 2) u r-rata tar-riskju tal-faqar jew tal-esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) (Tabella nru 1).

Ċart nru 2. Tqabbil tal-limitu tar-riskju taʼ faqar, tar-rata taʼ riskju taʼ faqar u tar-rata tar-riskju taʼ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali fʼgħamla taʼ indiċi

(EU-SILC 2015 = 100)

No Data Found

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Nota: Waqfa fis-serje: ara n-nota metodoloġika nru 7.

Meta jitħallew barra t-trasferimenti soċjali kollha, inklużi l-pensjonijiet, ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) fl-2023 tiżdied bi 17.0-il punt perċentwali, jew 90,190 persuna (Tabella nru 5). Dan juri s-siwi tal-ħarsien soċjali fl-assistenza lill-persuni l-aktar vulnerabbli f’soċjetà.

Ir-rati ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) għall-familji bi tfal dipendenti u għall-familji mingħajr tfal dipendenti kienu ta’ 17.9 u 15.7 fil-mija, rispettivament (Tabella nru 6). Il-membri ta’ familji b’ġenitur wieħed kienu nnotati li għandhom aktar ċans li jkunu f’riskju ta’ faqar, b’41.6 fil-mija tagħhom ikollhom dħul disponibbli ekwivalizzat taħt il-limitu tar-riskju ta’ faqar (ARPT). Il-membri ta’ unitajiet domestiċi ta’ persuna waħda b’età ta’ 65 sena jew aktar, u membri ta’ unitajiet domestiċi b’żewġ adulti, li tal-anqas wieħed minnhom ikollu 65 sena jew aktar, u mingħajr tfal dipendenti, kienu wkoll aktar fiċ-ċans li jkunu f’riskju ta’ faqar (Tabella nru 6).

Ir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar (ARP) fost persuni li jgħixu f’familji b’mill-inqas membru wieħed ta’ età 0-64, naqset hekk kif l-intensità tax-xogħol tal-familji żdiedet (irreferi għan-nota metodoloġika 4). Fil-fatt, 73.5 fil-mija tal-persuni li jgħixu f’familji b’intensità tax-xogħol baxxa ħafna nstabu li kienu f’riskju ta’ faqar fl-EU-SILC 2023 (Tabella nru 7).

Kienet irreġistrata żieda fir-rati ta’ riskju ta’ faqar għall-persuni qiegħda, irtirati u persuni li jaħdmu għas-sena ta’ riferenza (irreferi għan-nota metodoloġika 4) meta mqabblin mal-istħarriġ ta’ qabel. Min-naħa l-oħra, kien hemm tnaqqis fir-rata ta’ riskju ta’ faqar għal persuni inattivi oħra (Tabella nru 8).

F’livell distrettwali, id-distribuzzjoni ta’ persuni taħt il-limitu tal-ARP kienet irregolari madwar il-Gżejjer Maltin, bid-distrett ta’ Għawdex u Kemmuna jkollu l-akbar sehem ta’ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar segwit mid-distrett tat-Tramuntana. Min-naħa l-oħra, id-distrett tax-Xlokk irreġistra l-aktar rata baxxa ta’ nies f’riskju ta’ faqar (Mappa nru 1).

Mappa nru 1. It-tqassim tar-rata tar-riskju taʼ faqar (ARP) bid-distrett: 2023

L-Indikaturi tadDeprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali

L-indikaturi tad-deprivazzjoni materjali u soċjali huma msejsa fuq 13-il fattur, li sebgħa minnhom għandhom x’jaqsmu mal-familja tal-persuna u s-sitta l-oħra huma relatati mal-persuni nfushom. Din il-lista ta’ komponenti ġiet adottata mill-Istati Membri tal-UE fl-2017 (irreferi għan-nota metodoloġika 5). Minn dan is-sett ta’ komponenti, jinkisbu żewġ indikaturi ewlenin, jiġifieri, l-indikatur tad-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali (MSD) u l-indikatur tad-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali Severa (SMSD).

Meta mqabblin mas-sena ta’ qabel, dawk li wieġbu li l-familja tagħhom ma kinitx taffordja ikla b’laħam, tiġieġ, ħut jew ekwivalenti veġetarjan kull jumejn; u dawk li sabuha iebsa jiffaċċjaw spejjeż finanzjarji mhux mistennija, kellhom l-ogħla żidied fl-għadd tagħhom fis-sena 2023 (Ċart nru 3a u Ċart nru 3b).

Ċart nru 3a. Ir-rati ta’ Depravazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali tal-familji fost dawk li wieġbu

Ċart nru 3b. Ir-rati ta’ Depravazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali tal-persuni fost dawk li wieġbu

Nota: Waqfa fis-serje: ara n-nota metodoloġika nru 7.

Fl-2023, ir-rata tal-indikatur tad-deprivazzjoni materjali u soċjali (MSD) fl-istħarriġ tal-EU-SILC kienet ta’ 9.2 fil-mija. Din ir-rata hija 0.4 punti perċentwali inqas mis-sena ta’ qabel. Barra minn hekk, ir-rata tal-indikatur tad-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali Severa (SMSD) naqset b’0.8 punti perċentwali u kienet ta’ 4.1 fil-mija (Tabella nru 9) (irreferi għan-nota metodoloġika 5).

Ċart nru 4. Tqabbil bejn id-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali (MSD) u d-Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali Severa (SMSD) fl-aħħar ħames snin

No Data Found

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Nota: Waqfa fis-serje: ara n-nota metodoloġika nru 7.

Il-persuni jkunu meqjusin li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) jekk ikunu jgħixu f’familja li taqa’ taħt waħda mit-tliet kundizzjonijiet li ġejjin: f’riskju ta’ faqar (ARP); f’Deprivazzjoni Materjali u Soċjali Severa (SMSD); jew li jkollha Intensità Baxxa tax-Xogħol (LWI). Fl-2023, il-fattur li l-aktar wassal għar-riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali kien ġej mill-persuni li huma f’riskju ta’ faqar,  b’16.6 fil-mija (Ċart nru 5).

Ċart nru 5. L-indikatur tar-rata taʼ riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali u l-komponenti tiegħu

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Nota: Waqfa fis-serje: ara n-nota metodoloġika nru 7.

Bir-rata ta’ 26.4 fil-mija, id-distrett ta’ Għawdex u Kemmuna rreġistra l-ogħla rata ta’ persuni f’riskju ta’ faqar jew ta’ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE). Min-naħa l-oħra, id-distrett tax-Xlokk irreġistra l-aktar rata baxxa ta’ AROPE bi 15.2 fil-mija (Mappa nru 2).

Mappa nru 2. it-tqassim tar-rata taʼ riskju taʼ faqar jew taʼ esklużjoni soċjali (AROPE) bid-distrett: 2023

Il-karatteristiċi tal-benesseri

Fuq skala minn 0 sa 10, fejn 0 jirrappreżenta sodisfazzjon ta’ xejn u 10 jirrappreżenta sodisfazzjoni sħiħ, dawk li wieġbu fir-riskju tal-faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali rrappurtaw punteġġi medji aktar baxxi fir-rigward tas-sodisfazzjon tagħhom bil-ħajja ġenerali, is-sitwazzjoni finanzjarja, l-impjieg attwali, u r-relazzjonijiet personali, meta mqabblin ma’ dawk li mhumiex f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali.

Il-punteġġi medji għas-sodisfazzjon ġenerali fir-rigward tar-riskju ta’ faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali kienu kemxejn ogħla fl-2023, meta mqabblin mal-2022. B’mod partikolari, fl-2023, ir-rispondenti f’riskju ta’ faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali rrappurtaw punteġġ medju ta’ 7.0 għas-sodisfazzjon bil-ħajja ġenerali tagħhom, żieda ta’ 0.2 punti mill-2022; punteġġ medju ta’ 6.2 għas-sodisfazzjon bis-sitwazzjoni finanzjarja tagħhom, żieda ta’ 0.4 punti mill-2022; punteġġ medju ta’ 7.4 għas-sodisfazzjon bl-impjieg attwali tagħhom, żieda ta’ 0.1 punti mill-2022; u punteġġ medju ta’ 8.5 punti għas-sodisfazzjon bir-relazzjonijiet personali, żieda ta’ 0.3 punti mill-2022 (Tabella nru 10).

Methodological Notes

1. Background
The European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey is an annual enquiry conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) among persons residing in private households in Malta and Gozo.
 
The main scope of this survey is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, relative poverty, material deprivation and social exclusion. This survey has been carried out in Malta since 2005, under European Regulation (EU) No. 1177/2003. This Regulation establishes criteria which ensure the production of high quality and harmonised results at European level. As from 2020, EU-SILC started to be carried out under a new regulation: Regulation (EU) No. 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples.
 
The survey is designed to collect detailed information on household characteristics, labour market, education, household income, material deprivation and social exclusion.  The households’ wealth (assets) and gains/losses from capital transfers are not covered by this survey.
 
2. Sample size and response
The EU-SILC sample follows a rotational design whereby every household is surveyed for four consecutive years. This sampling methodology enhances consistency and thus allows for high quality cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.
 
In 2023 the gross sample size was 5,077 households. Of these, 96 households were ineligible for the survey (i.e. addresses that did not actually exist, could not be located, non-residential addresses, permanently vacant dwellings or institutional households). Consequently, 4,981 households were approached for the interview. Of these, 4,515 completed the survey, resulting in a household response rate of 91 per cent. These households comprised 10,993 residents, of whom 9,565 were aged 16 and over.
 
The population figure used to gross up and to calibrate EU-SILC data refers to one calendar year prior to the survey year. Consequently, the population in EU-SILC 2023 refers to the number of persons living in private households as at end of 2022 which was estimated at 532,186.
 
3. Income reference period
The income reference year of the EU-SILC survey is one calendar year prior to the survey year. Therefore, the income collected in EU-SILC 2023 refers to calendar year 2022.
 
The major income components are sourced from administrative data.
 
4. Concepts and definitions
 
A person is defined as a dependent child if s/he is:
 
● under 18, or;
● 18-24 years old and is economically inactive and living with at least one parent.
 
Otherwise, the person is referred to as an adult.
 
The Work Intensity (WI) of a household is the ratio of the total number of months that all household members have worked during the income reference year and the total number of months the same household members theoretically could have worked in the same period. In line with EU Regulation No. 2019/1700 on person and household surveys, the WI indicator was modified to cover persons aged between 18 and 64 instead of persons aged between 18 and 59. Students aged between 18 and 24 are excluded from the calculation of this indicator. Moreover, households composed only of children aged less than 18, students aged less than 25 and/or people aged 65 or more are completely excluded from the computation of this indicator.
 
The most frequent activity status is defined as the status that individuals aged 18 and over declare to have occupied for more than six months in the calendar year. The most frequent activity status groups are; employment, unemployment, retirement and other inactivity.
 
The gross household income includes:
● Gross employee cash or near cash income;
● Gross non-cash employee income (only company car and associated costs included);
● Gross cash benefits or losses from self-employment (including royalties);
● Unemployment benefits;
● Old-age benefits;
● Survivors’ benefits;
● Sickness benefits;
● Disability benefits;
● Education-related allowances;
● Income from rental of property or land;
● Family/Children related allowances;
● Social exclusion benefits not elsewhere classified;
● Housing allowances;
● Regular inter-household cash transfers received;
● Interests, dividends, profits from capital investments in unincorporated business;
● Income received by people aged under 16; and,
● Income received from individual private pension plans.
 
The total disposable income of a household is calculated by deducting:
● regular inter-household cash transfers paid;
● tax on income; and,
● social insurance contributions.
from the total gross household income.
 
Equivalent household size is calculated according to the “modified OECD” equivalence scale which gives:
● a weight of 1.0 to the first adult;
● a weight of 0.5 to any other household member aged 14+;
● a weight of 0.3 to each child.
 
The resulting figure, which is the sum of these weights, is attributed to each member of the household.
 
Equivalised disposable income (referred to also as national equivalised income) is defined as the household’s total disposable income divided by its “equivalent household size”, to take account of the size and composition of the household, and is attributed to each household member. For example, a household with two adults and two children aged less than 14, would have an equivalised household size of (1+0.5+0.3+0.3) = 2.1. If the total disposable income earned by the household is €20,000, then the household equivalised income would result in (€20,000/2.1) = €9,523.
 
The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is also referred to as the at-risk-of-poverty line or, simply, the poverty line. This is equivalent to 60 per cent of the median national equivalised income of persons living in private households.
 
The S80/S20 ratio is the ratio between the sums of the highest and lowest 20 per cent equivalised incomes of persons within the households.
 
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality of income distribution. It may take values ranging from 0 per cent, which implies perfect equality in the income distribution, to 100 per cent, which signifies absolute inequality.
 
5. Material and social Deprivation:
 
In 2017, a set of new Material and Social Deprivation (MSD) indicators were adopted by all the European Union (EU) Member States. The new indicators are the Material and Social deprivation (MSD) indicator and the Severe Material and Social Deprivation (SMSD) indicator. These indicators are based on 13 items: 7 household items and 6 personal items.
Household items:
● face unexpected expenses;
● afford one week annual holiday away from home;
● avoid arrears (in mortgage, rent, utility bills and/or hire purchase instalments);
● afford a meal with meat, chicken or fish or vegetarian equivalent every second day;
● afford keeping their home appropriately warm;
● have access to a car/van for personal use;
● replace worn-out furniture.
 
Personal items:
● replace worn-out clothes with some new ones;
● have two pairs of properly fitting shoes;
● spend a small amount of money each week on him/herself (“pocket money”);
● have regular leisure activities;
● get together with friends/family for a drink/meal at least once a month;
● have an internet connection.
 
Persons lacking at least five items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be materially and socially deprived.
 
Persons lacking at least seven items out of the 13 material and social deprivation items are considered to be severely materially and socially deprived.
 
6. The at-risk-of-poverty rate refers to the share of persons with an equivalised disposable income below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. 
 
7. Following the 2021 Population and Housing Census, NSO introduced a new sampling frame of households and individuals which was used for the first time EU-SILC as from 2023. In addition, EU-SILC was benchmarked with updated demographic estimates derived from this census. NSO ran several tests which revealed little impact of statistical significance on the core EU-SILC indicators. Consequently, it was concluded that revisions on past time series data were not necessary. NSO still feels appropriate flagging these methodological changes, primarily because they may influence the interpretation of changes in household and individual counts in EU-SILC 2023, when compared to previous years.
 
8. Sampling variability of main SILC 2023 indicators
Estimatemargin of error
at 95% confidence
interval
95% confidence interval
At-risk-of-poverty88,46210,64488,462 ± 10,644
At-risk-of-poverty rate (%)Total16.62.016.6 ± 2.0
Males15.72.315.7 ± 2.3
Females17.62.317.6 ± 2.3
0-1722.05.422.0 ± 5.4
18-6412.12.012.1 ± 2.0
65+29.03.629.0 ± 3.6
Material and social deprivation48,9697,98348,969 ± 7,983
Material and social deprivation rate (%)Total9.21.59.2 ± 1.5
Males8.61.68.6 ± 1.6
Females9.91.89.9 ± 1.8
0-1711.53.511.5 ± 3.5
18-648.31.68.3 ± 1.6
65+10.52.410.5 ± 2.4
Severe material and social deprivation21,8534,25721,853 ± 4,257
Severe material and social deprivation rate (%)Total4.10.84.1 ± 0.8
Males3.70.83.7 ± 0.8
Females4.61.14.6 ± 1.1
0-175.62.15.6 ± 2.1
18-643.70.83.7 ± 0.8
65+4.51.34.5 ± 1.3
Low work intensity15,1283,78715,128 ± 3,787
Low work intensity rate (%)Total3.60.93.6 ± 0.9
Males3.10.93.1 ± 0.9
Females4.11.24.1 ± 1.2
0-174.01.94.0 ± 1.9
18-643.50.93.5 ± 0.9
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion105,46611,176105,466 ± 11,176
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate (%)Total19.82.119.8 ± 2.1
Males18.72.318.7 ± 2.3
Females21.12.421.1 ± 2.4
0-1725.25.525.2 ± 5.5
18-6415.52.115.5 ± 2.1
65+31.43.631.4 ± 3.6
At-risk-of-poverty by household type88,46210,64488,462 ± 10,644
At-risk-of-poverty rate (%)Household without dependent children15.72.015.7 ± 2.0
One person household, under 65 years23.75.923.7 ± 5.9
One person household, 65 years and over40.45.740.4 ± 5.7
2 adults, no dependent children, both under 65 years7.23.47.2 ± 3.4
2 adults, no dependent children, at least one adult 65 years or more33.25.533.2 ± 5.5
Other households without dependent children4.83.24.8 ± 3.2
Household with dependent children17.94.117.9 ± 4.1
Single parent household, one or more dependent children41.612.541.6 ± 12.5
2 adults, one dependent child13.46.313.4 ± 6.3
2 adults, two dependent children17.68.317.6 ± 8.3
2 adults, three or more dependent children31.016.631.0 ± 16.6
Other households with one or more dependent children6.25.36.2 ± 5.3
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion by household type105,46611,176105,466 ± 11,176
At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate (%)Household without dependent children18.72.118.7 ± 2.1
One person household, under 65 years28.15.728.1 ± 5.7
One person household, 65 years and over42.75.842.7 ± 5.8
2 adults, no dependent children, both under 65 years10.33.910.3 ± 3.9
2 adults, no dependent children, at least one adult 65 years or more35.75.535.7 ± 5.5
Other households without dependent children7.53.47.5 ± 3.4
Household with dependent children21.44.321.4 ± 4.3
Single parent household, one or more dependent children48.312.648.3 ± 12.6
2 adults, one dependent child17.77.117.7 ± 7.1
2 adults, two dependent children19.08.419.0 ± 8.4
2 adults, three or more dependent children32.116.932.1 ± 16.9
Other households with one or more dependent children11.76.411.7 ± 6.4
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9. Key
: Data not published due to unreliable survey estimates as a result of:
      1.      less than 20 reporting households; or
      2.      the non-response for the item concerned exceeds 50 per cent.
 
[ ] Figures to be used with caution: figures based on between 20 and 49 reporting household or figures with item non-response ranging between 20 per cent and 50 per cent.
N/A Not applicable
 
10. Other notes:
● Sample used for the EU-SILC survey was extracted from a database based on the Census of Population and Housing 2011.
● Tables may not exactly add up due to rounding.
 
11. More information relating to this news release may be accessed at:
 
12. References to this news release are to be cited appropriately. For guidance on access and re-use of data please visit our dedicated webpage.
 
13. A detailed news release calendar is available online.
 
14.  For further assistance send your request through our online request form.
Kalkulatur tal-Inflazzjoni Kalendarju tal-Istqarrijiet tal-Aħbarijiet Talbiet għat-Tagħrif Mistoqsijiet dwar il-Kodiċi tan-NACE
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